Egagasini lokuthuthukisa imboni yolwazi lwendawo yokuhlola nokubhala amamephu ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kube nokunemba, ama-fiber laser angu-1.5 μ m aba yiwona mandla ayinhloko okukhula kwemakethe emikhakheni emibili emikhulu yokuhlola izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kanye nokuhlola ngesandla, ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kwawo okujulile nezidingo zendawo. Ngokukhula okukhulu kwezicelo ezifana nokuhlola ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye nokubhala amamephu okuphuthumayo kusetshenziswa ama-drones, kanye nokuphindaphinda kwamadivayisi okuskena ngesandla ukuze kutholakale ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuphatheka kalula, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wama-fiber laser angu-1.5 μ m wokuhlola udlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2 ngo-2024, lapho isidingo sezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kanye namadivayisi aphathwayo singaphezu kuka-60% wenani eliphelele, kanye nokugcina isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-8.2%. Ngemuva kwalokhu kukhula kwesidingo kukhona ukufana okuphelele phakathi kokusebenza okuyingqayizivele kwebhendi engu-1.5 μ m kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokunemba, ukuphepha, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo ezimweni zokuhlola.
1, Ukubuka Konke Komkhiqizo
I-"1.5um Fiber Laser Series" ye-Lumispot isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-MOPA, obunamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical, isilinganiso esiphansi se-ASE kanye nomsindo womphumela ongewona owe-linear, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhishwa kwe-laser ye-LiDAR. Ezinhlelweni zokuhlola ezifana ne-LiDAR ne-LiDAR, i-laser ye-fiber engu-1.5 μ m isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya okhipha ingqikithi, futhi izinkomba zayo zokusebenza zinquma ngqo "ukunemba" kanye "nobubanzi" bokuthola. Ukusebenza kwalezi zilinganiso ezimbili kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ekuhloleni indawo, ukuqashelwa kwezinhloso, ukuqapha imigqa yamandla kanye nezinye izimo. Ngokombono wemithetho yokudlulisa ngokomzimba kanye ne-logic yokucubungula izimpawu, izinkomba ezintathu eziyinhloko zamandla aphezulu, ububanzi be-pulse, kanye nokuqina kwe-wavelength kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukunemba kokuthola kanye nobubanzi. Indlela yazo yokusebenza ingahlukaniswa ngochungechunge lonke "lokwamukelwa kwesibonakaliso sokukhanya kwesibonakaliso somoya sokudlulisa izimpawu".
2, Izinkambu Zohlelo Lokusebenza
Emkhakheni wokuhlola nokumapha i-airway engenamuntu, isidingo sama-fiber laser angu-1.5 μ m sikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokuxazululwa kwawo okunembile kwamaphuzu obuhlungu ekusebenzeni kwe-airway. Ipulatifomu yemoto ye-airway engenamuntu inemikhawulo eqinile kumthamo, isisindo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla komthwalo okhokhelwayo, kuyilapho ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okuhlangene kanye nezici ezilula ze-fiber laser engu-1.5 μ m kungacindezela isisindo sohlelo lwe-laser radar sibe yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zemishini yendabuko, ivumelana ngokuphelele nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamamodeli ezimoto ze-airway ezingenamuntu njenge-multi rotor kanye nephiko eliqinile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, leli bhande litholakala "efasiteleni legolide" lokudlulisa emoyeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-905nm laser evame ukusetshenziswa, ukuncishiswa kwayo kokudlulisa kuncishiswa ngaphezu kuka-40% ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi njengomswakama nothuli. Ngamandla aphezulu afinyelela ku-kW, ingafinyelela ibanga lokuthola elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-250 kuma-target anokukhanya okungu-10%, ukuxazulula inkinga "yokubonakala okungacacile kanye nokulinganisa ibanga" kwezimoto ze-airway ezingenamuntu ngesikhathi sokuhlola ezindaweni zezintaba, ogwadule nakwezinye izifunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuphepha kwamehlo omuntu - okuvumela amandla aphezulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kune-laser engu-905nm - kwenza ama-drone akwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphandle kwesidingo samadivayisi engeziwe okuvikela ukuphepha, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha nokuguquguquka kwezindawo ezinabantu njengokuhlola izindawo zasemadolobheni kanye nemephu yezolimo.
Emkhakheni wokuhlola nokubhala imephu ngesandla, isidingo esikhulayo sama-laser e-fiber angu-1.5 μ m sihlobene kakhulu nezidingo eziyinhloko zokuphatheka kwedivayisi kanye nokunemba okuphezulu. Imishini yesimanje yokuhlola ngesandla idinga ukulinganisela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokulula kokusebenza. Ukukhishwa komsindo ophansi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-laser ye-fiber engu-1.5 μ m kwenza ama-scanner aphathwa ngesandla afinyelele ukunemba kokulinganisa izinga le-micrometer, ahlangabezane nezidingo ezinembile kakhulu njengokwenziwa kwedijithali kwamasiko kanye nokutholwa kwezingxenye zezimboni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-laser endabuko angu-1.064 μ m, ikhono layo lokulwa nokuphazamiseka lithuthukiswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhanya ezinamandla zangaphandle. Uma ihlanganiswe nezici zokulinganisa ezingathintani, ingathola ngokushesha idatha yamafu ephuzu elinobukhulu obuthathu ezimweni ezifana nokuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo sasendulo kanye nezindawo zokusindisa eziphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokucubungula kusengaphambili okuqondiwe. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo okuhlanganisiwe kokupakisha kungahlanganiswa namadivayisi aphathwa ngesandla anesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-500, anezinga lokushisa elibanzi elisukela ku--30 ℃ kuya ku-+60 ℃, elivumelana ngokuphelele nezidingo zemisebenzi eminingi efana nokuhlola kwensimu kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-workshop.
Ngokombono wendima yayo eyinhloko, ama-laser e-fiber angu-1.5 μ m abe yithuluzi elibalulekile lokushintsha amakhono okuhlola. Ekuhlolweni kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu, isebenza "njengenhliziyo" ye-radar ye-laser, ifinyelela ukunemba okuhlukahlukene kwezinga lamasentimitha ngokusebenzisa ukuphuma kwe-nanosecond pulse, ihlinzeka ngedatha yamafu aphezulu okuxinaniswa kokumodela kwe-3D yomhlaba kanye nokutholwa kwezinto zangaphandle zomugqa wamandla, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ngokuphindwe kathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko; Ngokomongo wokuhlolwa komhlaba kazwelonke, ikhono layo lokuthola ibanga elide lingafinyelela ukuhlola okuphumelelayo kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10 ngendiza ngayinye, ngamaphutha edatha alawulwa ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha ama-5. Emkhakheni wokuhlola ngesandla, inika amandla amadivayisi ukufeza ulwazi lokusebenza "lokuskena nokuthola": ekuvikelweni kwefa lamasiko, ingabamba ngokunembile imininingwane yokuthungwa kobuso bezinto zamasiko ezisele futhi inikeze amamodeli e-3D asezingeni le-millimeter okugcina umlando wedijithali; Kubunjiniyela obuphambene, idatha yejometri yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ingatholakala ngokushesha, isheshise ukuphindaphinda kokuklama komkhiqizo; Ekuhloleni nasekumapheni okuphuthumayo, ngamakhono okucubungula idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, imodeli enezinhlangothi ezintathu yendawo ethintekile ingakhiqizwa zingakapheli ihora elilodwa ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, izikhukhula, nezinye izinhlekelele, okuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha izinqumo zokutakula. Kusukela ekuhlolweni okukhulu emoyeni kuya ekuskeni komhlaba okunembile, i-laser ye-fiber engu-1.5 μ m iqhuba imboni yokuhlola iye enkathini entsha "yokunemba okuphezulu + ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu".
3, Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko
Ingqikithi yobubanzi bokuthola ibanga elide kakhulu lapho ama-photon akhishwa yi-laser anganqoba khona ukuncishiswa komoya kanye nokulahlekelwa ukubonakaliswa kwethagethi, futhi abanjwe yisiphetho esitholayo njengezibonakaliso ezisebenzayo. Izinkomba ezilandelayo ze-laser yomthombo okhanyayo engu-1.5 μ m fiber laser zilawula ngqo le nqubo:
① Amandla aphezulu (kW): 3kW@3ns ejwayelekile &100kHz； Umkhiqizo othuthukisiwe ongu-8kW@3ns &100kHz "amandla okushayela ayinhloko" ohlakeni lokuthola, amelela amandla asheshayo akhishwa yi-laser ngaphakathi kwe-pulse eyodwa, futhi uyisici esiyinhloko esinquma amandla ezibonakaliso zebanga elide. Ekutholeni ama-drone, ama-photon kudingeka ahambe amakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zamamitha emoyeni, okungabangela ukuncishiswa ngenxa yokusabalala kwe-Rayleigh kanye nokumuncwa kwe-aerosol (yize ibhendi engu-1.5 μ m ingeyase-"windows atmospheric", kusekhona ukuncishiswa okungokwemvelo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubonakaliswa kobuso obuqondiwe (njengokwehluka kwezitshalo, izinsimbi, namadwala) nakho kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali. Uma amandla aphezulu ekhuliswa, ngisho nangemva kokuncipha kwebanga elide nokulahlekelwa ukubonakaliswa, inani lama-photon afinyelela ekugcineni kokwamukela lisengahlangabezana "nomkhawulo wesilinganiso sesignali kuya komsindo", ngaleyo ndlela landise ububanzi bokutholwa - isibonelo, ngokwandisa amandla aphezulu e-laser ye-fiber engu-1.5 μ m kusuka ku-1kW kuya ku-5kW, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zomkhathi, ububanzi bokutholwa kwezinhloso zokubonakaliswa okungu-10% bungandiswa kusuka kumamitha angu-200 kuya kumamitha angu-350, kuxazululwe ngqo iphuzu elibuhlungu "lokungakwazi ukulinganisa kude" ezimweni ezinkulu zokuhlola njengezindawo zezintaba kanye nogwadule lwezindiza ezingenamoya.
② Ububanzi be-pulse (ns): bulungiseka kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-10ns. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile unezinga lokushisa eligcwele (-40~85 ℃) lobubanzi be-pulse obungu-≤ 0.5ns; ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafinyelela izinga lokushisa eligcwele (-40~85 ℃) lobubanzi be-pulse obungu-≤ 0.2ns. Lesi sibonakaliso "yisikali sesikhathi" sokunemba kwebanga, okumelela ubude be-laser pulses. Umgomo wokubala ibanga wokutholwa kwe-drone uthi "ibanga=(isivinini sokukhanya x isikhathi sokuhamba nokubuya kwe-pulse)/2", ngakho-ke ububanzi be-pulse bunquma ngqo "ukunemba kokulinganisa isikhathi". Lapho ububanzi be-pulse buncishisiwe, "ubukhali besikhathi" be-pulse buyanda, futhi iphutha lesikhathi phakathi "kwesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-pulse" kanye "nesikhathi sokwamukelwa kwe-pulse esibonisiwe" ekugcineni kokwamukela lizoncishiswa kakhulu.
③ Ukuqina kobude begagasi: ngaphakathi kuka-1pm/℃, ububanzi bomugqa ekushiseni okugcwele okungu-0.128nm "yi-accuracy anchor" ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwemvelo, kanye nobubanzi bokuguquguquka kobude begagasi lokukhipha i-laser kanye nokushintsha kokushisa kanye ne-voltage. Uhlelo lokuthola ku-1.5 μ m wavelength band luvame ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-"wavelength diversity reception" noma "interferometry" ukuthuthukisa ukunemba, futhi ukuguquguquka kobude begagasi kungabangela ngqo ukuphambuka kwesilinganiso - isibonelo, lapho i-drone isebenza endaweni ephakeme, izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingakhuphuka kusuka ku--10 ℃ kuya ku-30 ℃. Uma i-coefficient yokushisa kobude begagasi ye-1.5 μ m fiber laser ingu-5pm/℃, ubude begagasi buzoshintsha ngo-200pm, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa ibanga elihambisanayo lizokhuphuka ngamamilimitha angu-0.3 (elithathwe kufomula yokuxhumana phakathi kobude begagasi kanye nesivinini sokukhanya). Ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni komugqa wamandla wemoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu, amapharamitha aqondile njenge-wire sag kanye nebanga eliphakathi komugqa kudingeka alinganiswe. Ububanzi begagasi obungazinzile bungaholela ekuphambukisweni kwedatha futhi buthinte ukuhlolwa kokuphepha komugqa; I-laser engu-1.5 μ m esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiya ubude be-wavelength ingalawula ukuqina kobude be-wavelength ngaphakathi kwe-1pm/℃, iqinisekise ukunemba kokutholwa kwezinga lamasentimitha ngisho nalapho kwenzeka izinguquko zokushisa.
④ Ukusebenzisana kwesikhombisi: "I-balancer" phakathi kokunemba kanye nobubanzi ezimweni zangempela zokutholwa kwe-drone, lapho izinkomba zingasebenzi ngokuzimela, kodwa kunalokho zinobudlelwano bokubambisana noma obunomkhawulo. Isibonelo, ukwandisa amandla aphezulu kungandisa ububanzi bokuthola, kodwa kuyadingeka ukulawula ububanzi be-pulse ukuze kugwenywe ukwehla kokunemba (ibhalansi "yamandla aphezulu + i-pulse encane" idinga ukufezwa ngobuchwepheshe bokucindezela i-pulse); Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-beam kungathuthukisa ububanzi kanye nokunemba ngasikhathi sinye (ukuhlushwa kwe-beam kunciphisa ukungcola kwamandla kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulinganisa okubangelwa izindawo zokukhanya ezihambisanayo emabangeni amade). Inzuzo ye-fiber laser engu-1.5 μ m itholakala ekhonweni layo lokufeza ukwenziwa ngcono okuhambisanayo "kwamandla aphezulu (1-10 kW), ububanzi be-pulse obuncane (1-10 ns), ikhwalithi ye-beam ephezulu (M²<1.5), kanye nokuzinza kwe-wavelength ephezulu (<1pm/℃)" ngokusebenzisa izici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-fiber media kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-pulse. Lokhu kufeza impumelelo ephindwe kabili "yebanga elide (amamitha angu-300-500) + ukunemba okuphezulu (izinga lamasentimitha)" ekutholakaleni kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu, okuwukuncintisana kwayo okuyinhloko ekuthatheni indawo yama-laser endabuko angu-905nm kanye ne-1064nm ekuhlolweni kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu, ukutakula okuphuthumayo kanye nezinye izimo.
Okungenziwa ngezifiso
✅ Izidingo zokushintshashintsha kokushisa kobubanzi be-pulse kanye nobubanzi be-pulse
✅ Uhlobo lokukhipha kanye negatsha lokukhipha
✅ Isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa kwegatsha lokukhanya okubhekiselwe
✅ Ukuqina kwamandla okumaphakathi
✅ Isidingo sokwenziwa kwendawo
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-28-2025