Ama-laser rangefinders, ama-LiDAR, namanye amadivaysi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zesimanje, ukuhlola, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nogesi wabathengi. Nokho, abasebenzisi abaningi baqaphela ukuchezuka kwesilinganiso okubalulekile lapho besebenza ensimini, ikakhulukazi uma besebenza ngezinto ezinemibala ehlukene noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Umsuka waleli phutha uvame ukuhlobene eduze nokubonakala kwalokhu okuqondiwe. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula umthelela wokucabangisisa esilinganisweni sebanga futhi sinikeze ngamasu asebenzayo okukhethwa kwethagethi.
1. Kuyini I-Reflectivity futhi Kungani Kuthinta Ukukalwa Kwebanga?
I-reflectivity isho ikhono lendawo ukuze libonise ukukhanya kwesigameko, ngokuvamile elivezwa njengephesenti (isb., udonga olumhlophe lunokubonakala okungama-80%, kuyilapho irabha emnyama ino-5%) kuphela. Amadivayisi okulinganisa nge-laser anquma ibanga ngokubala umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kokukhanya okukhishiwe nokubonisiwe (kusetshenziswa isimiso Sesikhathi Sendiza). Uma ukuboniswa kokuqondiwe kuphansi kakhulu, kungaholela kokuthi:
- Amandla Esiginali Abuthakathaka: Uma ukukhanya okubonisiwe kubuthakathaka kakhulu, idivayisi ayikwazi ukuthatha isignali evumelekile.
- Iphutha Lokukala Elikhulayo: Ngokuphazamiseka komsindo ophezulu, ukunemba kuncipha.
- Ibanga Lokulinganisa Elifushaniswa: Ibanga eliphezulu elisebenzayo lingehla ngaphezu kwama-50%.
2. Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto Ezibonakala Ngayo kanye Namasu Okukhetha Okuqondisiwe
Ngokusekelwe kuzici zezinto ezivamile, okuqondiwe kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
① Okuqondisiwe Okubonakalayo Okuphezulu (>50%)
- Izinto Ezijwayelekile: Indawo yensimbi epholishiwe, izibuko, izitsha zobumba ezimhlophe, ukhonkolo onombala okhanyayo
- Izinzuzo: Ukubuya kwesignali enamandla, ifanele ibanga elide (ngaphezu kwama-500m) izilinganiso zokunemba okuphezulu
- Izimo Zokusebenza: Ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo, ukuhlolwa kwentambo kagesi, ukuskena kwendawo ye-drone
- Qaphela: Gwema izindawo zesibuko ezingaholela ekukhanyeni okukhethekile (okungase kubangele ukungahambi kahle kwamabala).
② Okuqondiwe kokubonakala okumaphakathi (20%-50%)
- Izinto Ezivamile: Izinkuni, imigwaqo ye-asphalt, izindonga zezitini ezimnyama, izitshalo eziluhlaza
- Izinyathelo zokulwa:
Nciphisa ibanga lokulinganisa (kunconyiwe <200m).
Nika amandla imodi yedivayisi ezwela kakhulu.
Khetha indawo ye-matte (isb., izinto eziyisithwathwa).
③ Okuqondisiwe Kokubonakala Okuphansi (<20%)
- Izinto Ezivamile: Irabha emnyama, inqwaba yamalahle, izindwangu ezimnyama, imizimba yamanzi
- Izingozi: Amasignali angase alahleke noma aphathwe amaphutha okugxuma.
- Izixazululo:
Sebenzisa i-retro-reflective target (amabhodi e-reflector).
Lungisa i-engeli ye-laser incidence ibe ngaphansi kuka-45° (ukuze uthuthukise ukubonakaliswa kokusabalalisa).
Khetha amadivayisi asebenza kumaza wamaza angu-905nm noma angu-1550nm (ukungena okungcono).
3. Special Scenario Strategies
① Ukukalwa Kwethagethi Enamandla (isb., izimoto ezihambayo):
- Beka kuqala amapuleti elayisensi yemoto (izindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu) noma imizimba yemoto enombala okhanyayo.
- Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela i-echo (ukuhlunga imvula nokuphazamiseka kwenkungu).
② Ukwelashwa kwendawo okuyinkimbinkimbi:
- Ngensimbi enombala omnyama, sebenzisa okokunamathela kwe-matte (okungathuthukisa ukukhanya kube ngu-30%).
- Faka izihlungi ze-polarizing phambi kwezindonga zamakhethini engilazi (ukucindezela ukubukeka okukhethekile).
③ Isinxephezelo Sokuphazamiseka Kwemvelo:
- Nika amandla ama-algorithms okucindezela ukukhanya okungemuva ezimeni zokukhanya okukhanyayo.
- Emvuleni noma eqhweni, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintshwa kwe-pulse interval (PIM).
4. Izinkombandlela Zokushuna Ipharamitha Yezisetshenziswa
- Ukulungiswa Kwamandla: Khulisa amandla e-laser kokuhlosiwe okungabonisi ukukhanya okuphansi (qinisekisa ukuthobela imikhawulo yokuphepha kwamehlo).
- Imbobo yokwamukela: Nyusa ububanzi belensi etholayo (kukho konke ukuphinda kabili, ukuzuza kwesignali kukhuphuka ngokuphindwe kane).
- I-Threshold Setting: Lungisa ngamandla umkhawulo wokucupha isignali (ukugwema ukucupha okungamanga ngenxa yomsindo).
5. Amathrendi Azayo: Ubuchwepheshe Besinxephezelo Sokubona Okuhlakaniphile
Amasistimu okulinganisa ibanga esizukulwane esilandelayo aseqala ukuhlanganisa:
- I-Adaptive Gain Control (AGC): Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokuzwela kwe-photodetector.
- I-Material Recognition AI Algorithms: Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo zezinto kusetshenziswa izici ze-echo waveform.
- I-Multispectral Fusion: Ukuhlanganisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo nedatha ye-infrared ukuze uthole ukwahlulela okubanzi.
Isiphetho
Ukwenza kahle izici zokubonakala kuyikhono eliwumgogodla lokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ngokukhetha okuqondisiwe ngokwesayensi nokulungiselela amadivayisi ngendlela efanele, ngisho nasezimweni zokubonakala eziphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10%), ukunemba kokulinganisa izinga lemilimitha kungafinyelelwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe besinxephezelo obukhaliphile buthuthuka, amasistimu okulinganisa esikhathi esizayo azojwayela “ngokukhalipha” ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubukeka kahle kuzohlale kuyikhono elibalulekile konjiniyela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2025