Ama-laser rangefinders, ama-LiDAR, namanye amadivayisi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zesimanje, ukuhlola, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye ne-electronics yabathengi. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi abaningi baqaphela ukuphambuka okukhulu kokulinganisa lapho besebenza ensimini, ikakhulukazi lapho besebenzelana nezinto ezinemibala noma izinto ezahlukene. Imbangela eyinhloko yaleli phutha ivame ukuhlobene kakhulu nokukhanya komuntu oqondiwe. Lesi sihloko sizogxila emthonjeni wokukhanya kokulinganisa ibanga futhi sinikeze amasu asebenzayo okukhetha okuqondiwe.
1. Kuyini ukuzindla futhi kungani kuthinta ukulinganisa ibanga?
Ukukhanya kubhekisela ekhonweni lobuso lokubonakalisa ukukhanya kwesigameko, okuvame ukuvezwa njengephesenti (isb., udonga olumhlophe lunokukhanya okungaba ngu-80%, kuyilapho irabha emnyama ino-5%) kuphela. Amadivayisi okulinganisa i-laser anquma ibanga ngokubala umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kokukhanya okukhishwe kanye nokukhanya okubonisiwe (kusetshenziswa isimiso se-Time-of-Flight). Uma ukukhanya kwesithagethi kuphansi kakhulu, kungaholela ku:
- Amandla Esignali Abuthakathaka: Uma ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubuthakathaka kakhulu, idivayisi ayikwazi ukubamba isignali evumelekile.
- Iphutha Lokulinganisa Elikhulu: Ngokuphazamiseka komsindo okuphezulu, ukunemba kwehla.
- Ububanzi Bokulinganisa Obufushane: Ibanga eliphumelelayo eliphezulu lingehla ngaphezu kuka-50%.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kokucabanga Nokukhetha Amasu Okuhlosiwe
Ngokusekelwe ezicini zezinto ezivamile, ama-targets angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
① Izinhloso Zokugqamisa Okuphezulu (>50%)
- Izinto Ezijwayelekile: Izindawo zensimbi ezicwebezelisiwe, izibuko, izinto zobumba ezimhlophe, ukhonkolo okhanyayo
- Izinzuzo: Ukubuya kwesignali okunamandla, okufanelekela izilinganiso eziphakeme zebanga elide (ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500)
- Izimo Zokusebenza: Ukuhlola isakhiwo, ukuhlolwa kwemigqa kagesi, ukuskena indawo yedrone
- Qaphela: Gwema izindawo ezibukwayo ezingaholela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo (okungabangela ukungalungi kwamabala).
② Izinhloso Zokugqama Okuphakathi (20%-50%)
- Izinto Ezijwayelekile: Izinkuni, imigwaqo ye-asphalt, izindonga zezitini ezimnyama, izitshalo eziluhlaza
- Izindlela Zokulwa Nazo:
Fushanisa ibanga lokulinganisa (kunconywa <200m).
Nika amandla imodi yokuzwela okuphezulu kwedivayisi.
Khetha izindawo ezingacwebezeli kahle (isib. izinto ezifakwe iqhwa).
③ Ama-Targets Okukhanya Okuphansi (<20%)
- Izinto Ezijwayelekile: Irabha emnyama, izinqwaba zamalahle, izindwangu ezimnyama, izindawo zamanzi
- Izingozi: Izimpawu zingase zilahleke noma zibe namaphutha okugxuma.
- Izixazululo:
Sebenzisa i-target reflective target (amabhodi okubonisa).
Lungisa i-engeli ye-laser incidence ibe ngaphansi kwama-45° (ukuthuthukisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-diffuse).
Khetha amadivayisi asebenza ngama-wavelength angu-905nm noma angu-1550nm (ukuze angene kangcono).
3. Amasu Esimo Esikhethekile
① Ukulinganisa Okuqondiwe Okunamandla (isb., izimoto ezihambayo):
- Beka phambili amapuleti elayisensi yemoto (izindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu) noma imizimba yezimoto enombala okhanyayo.
- Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokuqaphela i-echo (ukuhlunga ukuphazamiseka kwemvula kanye nenkungu).
② Ukwelashwa Okuyinkimbinkimbi Komphezulu:
- Ngensimbi emnyama, faka izembozo ezi-matte (ezingathuthukisa ukubonakaliswa kwayo ku-30%).
- Faka izihlungi ze-polarizing phambi kwezindonga zekhethini lengilazi (ukuvimbela ukubonakaliswa kwe-specular).
③ Isinxephezelo Sokuphazamiseka Kwemvelo:
- Nika amandla ama-algorithm okucindezela ukukhanya kwangemuva ezimweni zokukhanya okukhanyayo.
- Uma lina noma likhithika, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha kwe-pulse interval (PIM).
4. Iziqondiso Zokuhlela Ipharamitha Yemishini
- Ukulungiswa Kwamandla: Khulisa amandla e-laser ukuze kutholakale ama-targets aphansi okukhanya (qinisekisa ukuhambisana nemingcele yokuphepha kwamehlo).
- Imbobo Yokwamukela: Khulisa ububanzi belensi yokwamukela (ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye, ukwanda kwesiginali kuyanda kane).
- Ukusetha Umkhawulo: Lungisa ngokunamandla umkhawulo wesiqalisi sesiginali (ukugwema ukuqhumisa okungamanga ngenxa yomsindo).
5. Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo: Ubuchwepheshe Bokunxephezela Kokucabanga Okuhlakaniphile
Izinhlelo zokulinganisa ibanga zesizukulwane esilandelayo seziqala ukuhlanganiswa:
- Ukulawula Ukuzuza Okuguquguqukayo (AGC): Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokuzwela kwe-photodetector.
- Ama-algorithms e-AI Okwaziwa Kokubalulekile: Ukufanisa izinhlobo zezinto kusetshenziswa izici ze-echo waveform.
- I-Multispectral Fusion: Ukuhlanganisa idatha yokukhanya okubonakalayo kanye ne-infrared ukuze kutholakale isahlulelo esiphelele.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda izici zokukhanya kuyikhono eliyinhloko lokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ngokukhetha ngokwesayensi imigomo nokulungisa amadivayisi kahle, ngisho nasezimweni zokukhanya eziphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10%), ukunemba kokulinganisa kwezinga le-millimeter kungafinyelelwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokunxephezela obuhlakaniphile buthuthuka, izinhlelo zokulinganisa zesikhathi esizayo zizozivumelanisa "ngokuhlakanipha" nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhanya kuzohlala kuyikhono elibalulekile konjiniyela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-04-2025