Bhalisela Imidiya Yethu Yezokuxhumana Ukuze Uthumele Ngokushesha
Esikhathini sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, amasistimu okuzulazula avele njengezinsika eziyisisekelo, aqhuba intuthuko eminingi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ebaluleke kakhulu. Uhambo olusuka ekuzulazuleni kwesibhakabhaka oluyinselele ukuya kuma-Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) lubonisa imizamo yabantu engayekethisi yokuhlola nokukhomba ukunemba. Lokhu kuhlaziya kujula kumakhenikha e-INS ayinkimbinkimbi, ihlola ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu be-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOGs) kanye nendima ebalulekile ye-Polarization Ekugcineni I-Fiber Loops.
Ingxenye 1: Ukucacisa Amasistimu Wokuzulazula Angaphelele (INS):
I-Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) igqama njengezinsiza zokuzulazula ezizimele, ehlanganisa ngokunembile indawo yemoto, umumo, kanye nesivinini, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zangaphandle. Lawa masistimu avumelanisa izinzwa ezinyakazayo nezijikelezayo, ahlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo namamodeli wekhompyutha wesivinini sokuqala, indawo, nokuma.
I-archetypal INS ihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
Ama-Accelerometers: Lezi zici ezibalulekile zibhalisa ukusheshisa komugqa wemoto, ezihumusha ukunyakaza kudatha elinganisekayo.
· I-Gyroscopes: I-Integral yokunquma isivinini se-angular, lezi zingxenye zibalulekile ekumakweni kwesistimu.
· I-Computer Module: Isikhungo semizwa ye-INS, sicubungula idatha enezici eziningi ukuze kukhiqizwe izibalo zesikhathi sangempela.
Ukungavikeleki kwe-INS ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle kwenza ibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni yezokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, ibhekana 'nokukhukhuleka' - ukubola okunemba kancane kancane, okudinga izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa zokunciphisa amaphutha (Chatfield, 1997).
Ingxenye 2. I-Operational Dynamics ye-Fiber Optic Gyroscope:
I-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (i-FOGs) imemezela inkathi yoguquko ekuzweni okujikelezayo, ukuphazanyiswa kokukhanya. Ngokunemba emnyombweni wayo, ama-FOG abalulekile ekusimamiseni nasekuqondiseni izimoto ezisemkhathini.
Ama-FOG asebenza kumphumela we-Sagnac, lapho ukukhanya, ukunqamula izikhombisi-ndlela ngaphakathi kwekhoyili yefayibha ezungezayo, kubonakalisa ukushintsha kwesigaba okuhambisana nezinguquko zesilinganiso sokujikeleza. Lo mshini onama-nuanced uhumushela kumamethrikhi esivinini esingama-angular.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
· Umthombo Wokukhanya: Indawo yokuqala, ngokuvamile i-laser, eqalisa uhambo lokukhanya oluhambisanayo.
· Ikhoyili yeFiber: Ipayipi le-optical eligoqiwe, lelula indlela yokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise umphumela we-Sagnac.
· I-Photodetector: Le ngxenye ibona amaphethini okuphazamisa okukhanya okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ingxenye 3: Ukubaluleka Kwe-Polarization Ukugcina I-Fiber Loops:
I-Polarization Maitaining (PM) Fiber Loops, i-quintessential ye-FOGs, iqinisekisa isimo sokukhanya okufanayo, isicacisi esiyinhloko ekunembeni kwephethini yokuphazamiseka. Lezi zintambo ezikhethekile, ukulwa nokuhlakazeka kwemodi ye-polarization, ukuzwela kwe-FOG kanye nobuqiniso bedatha (Kersey, 1996).
Ukukhethwa kwamafayibha e-PM, okunqunywa izimo eziphuthumayo zokusebenza, izici zomzimba, nokuvumelana kwesistimu, kuthonya amamethrikhi okusebenza aphezulu.
Ingxenye 4: Izicelo Nobufakazi Obunamandla:
Ama-FOG kanye ne-INS athola ukuduma kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuhleleni ama-airports angaphethwe muntu kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwe-cinematic phakathi nokungabikezeli kwemvelo. Ubufakazi bokwethenjelwa kwawo ukuthunyelwa kwawo ku-Mars Rovers ye-NASA, okusiza ukuzulazula kwangaphandle kokuphepha okuphephile (Maimone, Cheng, and Matthies, 2007).
Ama-trajectories ezimakethe abikezela i-niche ekhulayo yalobu buchwepheshe, ngama-vectors ocwaningo ahloselwe ukuqinisa ukuqina kwesistimu, ama-matrices anembayo, kanye ne-spectability evumelana nezimo (MarketsandMarkets, 2020).
Indandatho ye-laser gyroscope
I-Schematic ye-fibre-optic-gyroscope esekelwe kumphumela we-sagnac
Izithenjwa:
- Chatfield, AB, 1997.Okuyisisekelo Kokunemba Okuphakeme Okungangeni Navigation.Inqubekelaphambili ku-Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 174. U-Reston, VA: I-American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
- Kersey, AD, et al., 1996. "I-Fiber Optic Gyros: Iminyaka engu-20 Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe," ngoIzinqubo ze-IEEE,84(12), amakhasi 1830-1834.
- Maimone, MW, Cheng, Y., and Matthies, L., 2007. "I-Visual Odometry ku-Mars Exploration Rovers - Ithuluzi Lokuqinisekisa Ukushayela Okunembile Nezithombe Zesayensi,"I-IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine,14(2), amakhasi 54-62.
- MarketsandMarkets, 2020. "Imakethe ye-Inertial Navigation System ngeBanga, Ubuchwepheshe, Isicelo, Ingxenye, kanye Nesifunda - Isibikezelo Somhlaba Wonke kuya ku-2025."
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2023