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Esikhathini sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe obusha, izinhlelo zokuhamba zavela njengezinsika eziyisisekelo, ziqhuba intuthuko eminingi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ebucayi ngokunembile. Uhambo olusuka ekuzulazuleni kwasezulwini okuyisisekelo kuya ku-Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) eyinkimbinkimbi lubonisa imizamo yabantu engaguquki yokuhlola nokunemba okuqondile. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kugxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-INS, kuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu be-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOGs) kanye nendima ebalulekile ye-Polarization ekulondolozeni i-Fiber Loops.
Ingxenye 1: Ukuchaza Izinhlelo Zokuzulazula Ezingasebenzi (INS):
Izinhlelo Zokuzulazula Ezingenawo Amandla (INS) zivelele njengezinsiza zokuzulazula ezizimele, zibala ngokunembile indawo yemoto, ukuqondisa, kanye nesivinini, ngaphandle kwezinkomba zangaphandle. Lezi zinhlelo zivumelanisa izinzwa zokunyakaza kanye nokujikeleza, zihlangana kalula namamodeli ekhompyutha ukuze kube nesivinini sokuqala, isikhundla, kanye nokuqondisa.
I-INS ye-archetypal ihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
· Ama-Accelerometer: Lezi zinto ezibalulekile zibhalisa ukusheshisa kwemoto okuqondile, okuhumusha ukunyakaza kube idatha elinganisekayo.
· Ama-Gyroscope: Abalulekile ekunqumeni ijubane le-angular, lezi zingxenye zibalulekile ekuqondisweni kwesistimu.
· Imodyuli Yekhompyutha: Isikhungo sezinzwa se-INS, sicubungula idatha enezici eziningi ukuze siveze ukuhlaziywa kwesimo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukungavikeleki kwe-INS ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle kuyenza ibe yinto ebalulekile emikhakheni yezokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, ilwa 'nokukhukhuleka' - ukuwohloka kokunemba kancane kancane, okudinga izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha (Chatfield, 1997).
Ingxenye 2. Amandla Okusebenza e-Fiber Optic Gyroscope:
Ama-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (ama-FOG) amemezela inkathi yokuguqula ekuzweleni okujikelezayo, esebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya. Njengoba i-FOG ibalulekile ekuzinzeni nasekuzulazuleni kwezimoto zasemoyeni.
Ama-FOG asebenza kumphumela we-Sagnac, lapho ukukhanya, okuhamba ngezindlela eziphikisanayo ngaphakathi kwekhoyili yefayibha ejikelezayo, kubonakalisa ukushintsha kwesigaba okuhambisana nokushintsha kwesilinganiso sokujikeleza. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe ihumusha ibe yizilinganiso zejubane le-angular eziqondile.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
· Umthombo Wokukhanya: Indawo yokuqala, ngokuvamile i-laser, eqala uhambo lokukhanya oluhambisanayo.
· Ikhoyili Yefayibha: Umsele obonakalayo ogoqekile, welula indlela yokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela wandisa umphumela we-Sagnac.
· I-Photodetector: Le ngxenye ibona amaphethini okuphazamiseka okukhanya ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ingxenye 3: Ukubaluleka Kokugcina I-Polarization Fiber Loops:
Ama-Fiber Loops Okugcina I-Polarization (PM), abalulekile kuma-FOG, aqinisekisa isimo esifanayo se-polarization sokukhanya, okuyisihluthulelo esiyinhloko ekuqondeni kwephethini yokuphazamiseka. Lezi zindwangu ezikhethekile, ezilwa nokusabalala kwemodi ye-polarization, ziqinisa ukuzwela kwe-FOG kanye nobuqiniso bedatha (Kersey, 1996).
Ukukhethwa kwemicu ye-PM, okuqondiswa yizidingo zokusebenza, izimfanelo zomzimba, kanye nokuvumelana kwesistimu, kuthonya izilinganiso zokusebenza ezibanzi.
Ingxenye 4: Ukusetshenziswa kanye nobufakazi obungokomfanekiso:
Ama-FOG kanye nama-INS athola ukufana kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuhleleni ukuhlasela kwezindiza ezingenamuntu kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwe-cinema phakathi kokungabikezeleki kwemvelo. Ubufakazi bokuthembeka kwawo ukufakwa kwawo kuma-Mars Rovers e-NASA, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula ngaphandle komhlaba okuphephile (Maimone, Cheng, kanye noMatthies, 2007).
Izindlela zemakethe zibikezela indawo ekhulayo yalezi zobuchwepheshe, ngamavekhtha ocwaningo ahlose ukuqinisa ukuqina kwesistimu, ama-matrices anembile, kanye nama-spectra okuzivumelanisa nezimo (MarketsandMarkets, 2020).
I-gyroscope ye-laser yendandatho
Isimiso se-fibre-optic-gyroscope esekelwe kumphumela we-sagnac
Izinkomba:
- I-Chatfield, AB, 1997.Izisekelo Zokuhamba Okunembe Kakhulu Okunembayo.Intuthuko Kwezezinkanyezi Nezezindiza, uMqulu 174. Reston, VA: I-American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
- UKersey, AD, et al., 1996. "I-Fiber Optic Gyros: Iminyaka Engu-20 Yokuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe," kuIzinqubo ze-IEEE,84(12), amakhasi 1830-1834.
- UMaimone, MW, Cheng, Y., noMatthies, L., 2007. "I-Visual Odometry ku-Mars Exploration Rovers - Ithuluzi Lokuqinisekisa Ukushayela Okunembile Nezithombe Zesayensi,"Umagazini we-IEEE Robotics & Automation,14(2), amakhasi 54-62.
- I-MarketsandMarkets, 2020. "Imakethe Yesistimu Yokuzulazula Engenasici Ngokwebanga, Ubuchwepheshe, Uhlelo Lokusebenza, Ingxenye, kanye Nesifunda - Isibikezelo Somhlaba Wonke kuya ku-2025."
Isihlangululo:
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-18-2023