Amandla okushaya kwe-laser abhekisela emandleni adluliselwa yi-laser pulse ngeyunithi yesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, ama-laser angakhipha amagagasi aqhubekayo (CW) noma amagagasi ashaywayo, kanti lokhu okubalulekile kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana nokucubungula izinto, ukuzwa kude, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Ukuqonda izici zamandla okushaya kwe-laser kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokusebenza.
1. Incazelo kanye nokulinganiswa kwamandla okushaya kwenhliziyo
Amandla okushaya kwe-laser amandla akhishwa yi-laser pulse ngayinye, ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngama-joules (J). Ngokungafani nama-continuous wave (CW) lasers, ama-pulsed lasers akhipha amandla ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi ubukhulu bamandla buvame ukuhlotshaniswa nobude be-pulse (ububanzi be-pulse) kanye namandla aphezulu.
Amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo angabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: E = Ppeak × τ. Lapho u-E ewukushaywa ngamandla (ama-joules), i-Ppeak ingamandla aphezulu ekushaya ngamandla (ama-watts), kanti u-τ ubude besikhathi sekushaya ngamandla (amasekhondi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla ekushaya ngamandla ahlobene ngqo namandla aphezulu kanye nobubanzi bekushaya ngamandla.
2. Izici Ezithinta Amandla Okushaya Kwenhliziyo
Kunezici eziningana ezithonya amandla okushaya kwe-laser, okuhlanganisa:
①Umklamo we-Laser kanye nohlobo:
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-laser zithinta ubukhulu bamandla okushaya kwenhliziyo. Isibonelo, ama-laser e-solid-state ngokuvamile anikeza amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo aphezulu, afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu okukhipha. Ama-laser e-fibre, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angakhiqiza ama-pulse anamandla aphezulu ngokulungisa ubude bawo be-wavelength.
②Ubude be-Pulse (Ububanzi be-Pulse):
Uma ububanzi be-pulse bufushane, kulapho amandla aphezulu e-peak ngesikhathi esithile, okuvumela amandla aphezulu e-pulse. Ububanzi be-pulse kuma-laser a-pulsed buvame ukulungiswa phakathi kwama-nanosecond nama-picosecond, kanti ama-pulse amafushane asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinembe kakhulu ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu.
③Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuguqulwa Kwamandla Ne-Laser:
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-laser kunquma ngqo ukukhishwa kwamandla. Ezinye izinhlelo ze-laser zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa ngokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwe-gain medium noma i-laser cavity, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo.
④Ama-Amplifiers e-Laser:
Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-laser ezinamandla amakhulu, ama-amplifier asetshenziswa ukwandisa amandla okukhipha. Ngokukhulisa izigaba eziningi, amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo angakhushulwa kakhulu.
⑤I-Laser Drive yamanje:
Ugesi oshayelayo we-laser diode noma uhlelo lwe-laser luyisici esibalulekile esithonya amandla ayo okukhipha kanye namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngokulungisa ugesi, isimo sokuvusa kwe-laser singashintshwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ugesi ophumayo.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Laser Pulse Energy
Ubukhulu bamandla e-laser pulse bunquma ukufaneleka kwawo ezinkambeni ezahlukene. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:
①Ukucubungula Izinto:
Ekushiseni, ukusika, kanye nokuqopha nge-laser, amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo angalawulwa ngokunembile ukuze kufezwe ukucubungula okuphumelelayo nokunembile kakhulu. Amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo aphezulu afanele ukucubungula izinto zensimbi, kuyilapho ama-pulse anamandla aphansi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwendawo encane.
②Izicelo Zezokwelapha:
Ama-laser ashukunyiswayo asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzweni nge-laser, ekwelapheni isikhumba, kanye nokwelashwa kwamehlo. Isibonelo, ama-laser ashukunyiswayo anamandla aphezulu angagxila amandla e-laser wamaza athile ezindaweni ezincane ukuze kususwe izicubu ezigulayo noma ekwelapheni izifo zamehlo.
③I-LiDAR kanye nokuzwa okukude:
Ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR buthembele kuma-laser anamandla okushaya kwenhliziyo aphezulu ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kuthathwe izithombe ngokunembile. Ekuqapheni indawo ezungezile, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuqapha ama-drone, ubukhulu bamandla okushaya kwenhliziyo buthinta ngqo ibanga lokutholwa kanye nesisombululo sohlelo lwe-LiDAR.
④Ucwaningo Lwesayensi:
Ama-laser ashukunyiswayo nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwefiziksi, ikhemistri, kanye nebhayoloji. Ngokulawula ngokunembile amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo, ososayensi bangenza ucwaningo lwe-spectroscopy oluqhutshwa yi-laser olunembe kakhulu, ukusheshisa izinhlayiya, kanye nokupholisa nge-laser.
4. Izindlela Zokwandisa Amandla Okushaya Kwenhliziyo
Izindlela ezivamile zokwandisa amandla okushaya kwe-laser zifaka:
①Thola Ukuthuthukiswa Okuphakathi:
Ngokukhetha indlela yokuzuza efanele kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwesikhala se-laser, amandla okukhipha e-laser angandiswa.
②Ukukhulisa I-Laser Kwezigaba Eziningi:
Ama-amplifier anezigaba eziningi angakhuphula kancane kancane amandla okushaya kwe-laser ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
③Ukwandisa Ububanzi Bokushayela Kwe-Drive noma Ububanzi Bokushaya:
Ukulungisa ugesi we-laser noma ububanzi be-pulse kungabangela amandla amakhulu e-pulse.
④Ubuchwepheshe Bokucindezela Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo:
Kusetshenziswa amasu okucindezela i-pulse, ubude be-pulse bungafinyezwa, kwandiswe amandla ayo aphezulu futhi kukhishwe amandla engeziwe ngesikhathi esifushane.
5. Isiphetho
Amandla okushaya kwe-laser ayipharamitha ebalulekile ethinta ngqo ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-laser emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-laser, ama-laser ashaywayo azoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni ngokunemba kuya ekuzweleni kude kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu kwama-laser ashaywayo kuvula amathuba amasha. Ukuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo yamandla okushaya kwe-pulse kanye nezici zayo ezithonya kungasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo zesayensi ezengeziwe lapho uklama futhi usebenzisa izinhlelo ze-laser.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-11-2025