Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza welaser (Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokukhipha Ukukhishwa Kwemisebe Okuvuselelwe) usekelwe kwinto yokukhishwa kokukhanya okukhuthazwayo. Ngochungechunge lwemiklamo nezakhiwo ezinembayo, amalaser akhiqiza imishayo enokuhambisana okuphezulu, i-monochromaticity, nokukhanya. Ama-Lasers asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje, okuhlanganisa emikhakheni efana nezokuxhumana, imithi, ukukhiqiza, ukulinganisa kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kanye nezici zokulawula ezinembayo zibenza babe ingxenye eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe obuningi. Ngezansi kunencazelo enemininingwane yezimiso zokusebenza zama-lasers kanye nezindlela zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-lasers.
1. Ukukhishwa Okukhuthazwayo
Ukukhishwa okukhuthazwayoumgomo oyisisekelo wokukhiqizwa kwe-laser, owahlongozwa okokuqala ngu-Einstein ngo-1917. Lesi simo sichaza ukuthi ama-photon abumbene kakhudlwana akhiqizwa kanjani ngokusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya ne-excited-state matter. Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukukhishwa okugqugquzelwe, ake siqale ngokuphuma ngokuzenzekelayo:
Ukukhishwa Okuzenzakalelayo: Kuma-athomu, ama-molecule, noma ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, ama-electron angakwazi ukumunca amandla angaphandle (njengamandla kagesi noma okubona) futhi ashintshele kuzinga eliphezulu lamandla, elaziwa ngokuthi isimo sokujabula. Kodwa-ke, ama-electron esimo esijabulile azinzile futhi azogcina ebuyele ezingeni eliphansi lamandla, elaziwa ngokuthi izwe eliphansi, ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-electron ikhulula i-photon, ephuma ngokuzenzekelayo. Ama-photon anjalo ayenzeka ngokungahleliwe mayelana nemvamisa, isigaba, kanye nesiqondiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho awanakho ukuhambisana.
Ukukhishwa Okukhuthazwayo: Isihluthulelo sokukhishwa okukhuthazwayo ukuthi lapho i-electron yesimo esijabulile ihlangana ne-photon enamandla afana namandla ayo okushintsha, i-photon ingatshela i-electron ukuthi ibuyele esimweni esiphansi ngenkathi ikhulula i-photon entsha. I-photon entsha ifana neyokuqala ngokuya ngemvamisa, isigaba, kanye nesikhombisi-ndlela sokusakazeka, okuholela ekukhanyeni okuhambisanayo. Lesi simo sikhulisa kakhulu inani namandla ama-photons futhi iwumshini owumgogodla wama-lasers.
Impendulo Enhle Umphumela Wokuphuma Okugqugquzelwe: Ekwakheni ama-lasers, inqubo yokukhipha ekhuthazwayo iphindwa izikhathi eziningi, futhi lo mphumela omuhle wempendulo ungakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo inani lama-photon. Ngosizo lwe-cavity ye-resonant, ukuhambisana kwama-photons kugcinwa, futhi ukuqina kokukhanya kokukhanya kuyanda ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Thola Okuphakathi
Izuza mediuminto ewumongo ku-laser enquma ukukhuliswa kwama-photons kanye nokuphuma kwe-laser. Kuyisisekelo esingokomzimba sokukhishwa okukhuthazwayo, futhi izakhiwo zayo zinquma imvamisa, ubude begagasi, namandla okukhipha e-laser. Uhlobo nezici ze- gain medium kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kwe-laser.
I-Excitation Mechanism: Ama-electron asendaweni yokuzuza adinga ukujatshuliswa ukuya ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla ngomthombo wamandla wangaphandle. Le nqubo ivamise ukufezwa ngamasistimu okunikezwa kwamandla angaphandle. Izindlela ezivamile zokuvusa zihlanganisa:
Ukumpompa ngogesi: Ukujabulisa ama-electron endaweni yokuzuza ngokusebenzisa umsinga kagesi.
I-Optical Pumping: Ukujabulisa okuphakathi nendawo ngomthombo wokukhanya (okufana nesibani esikhanyayo noma enye i-laser).
Uhlelo lwamazinga Amandla: Ama-electron asendaweni yokuthola ngokuvamile asatshalaliswa kumaleveli wamandla athile. Okuvame kakhulu kukhonaizinhlelo ezinamazinga amabilifuthiizinhlelo ezinezinga. Kusistimu yamaleveli amabili olula, ama-electron ashintsha ukusuka kusimo esiphansi ukuya esimweni esijabulile abese ebuyela esimweni esiphansi ngokukhipha okukhuthazwayo. Ohlelweni olunamazinga amane, ama-electron enza izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene wamandla, ngokuvamile okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Gain Media:
IGas Gain Medium: Isibonelo, amalaser e-helium-neon (He-Ne). Imithombo yemithombo yegesi iyaziwa ngokuphuma kwayo okuzinzile kanye nobude begagasi obungaguquki, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengemithombo yokukhanya evamile kumalabhorethri.
I-Liquid Gain Medium: Isibonelo, ama-lasers edayi. Ama-molecule edayi anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvusa amaza obude obuhlukahlukene, okuwenza alungele ama-laser aguqulekayo.
I-Solid Gain Medium: Isibonelo, amalaser e-Nd(neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet). Lawa ma-lasers asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi anamandla, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekusikeni kwezimboni, ekushiseleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha.
Semiconductor Gain Medium: Isibonelo, izinto ze-gallium arsenide (GaAs) zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nakumadivayisi e-optoelectronic afana ne-laser diode.
3. I-Resonator Cavity
Ii-resonator cavityiyingxenye yesakhiwo ku-laser esetshenziselwa impendulo nokukhulisa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uwukuthuthukisa inani lama-photon akhiqizwa ngokukhipha umoya ngokuwabonisa futhi uwakhulise ngaphakathi kwe-cavity, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize ukuphuma kwe-laser okuqinile nokugxilile.
Isakhiwo se-Resonator Cavity: Ngokuvamile iqukethe izibuko ezimbili ezifanayo. Esinye isibuko esicwebezelayo, esaziwa ngokuthi iisibuko sangemuva, kanti enye iyisibuko esiveza ingxenye, esaziwa ngokuthi iisibuko esiphumayo. Ama-photons akhombisa emuva naphambili ngaphakathi kwe-cavity futhi andiswa ngokusebenzisana ne- gain medium.
Isimo se-Resonance: Idizayini ye-resonator cavity kufanele ihlangabezane nezimo ezithile, njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-photon enza amagagasi amile ngaphakathi kwendawo. Lokhu kudinga ubude be-cavity ukuze kube ukuphindaphinda kwe-laser wavelength. Amagagasi alula kuphela ahlangabezana nalezi zimo angakhuliswa ngokuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwendawo.
Okukhiphayo Beam: Isibuko esikhanyelayo ngokwengxenye sivumela ingxenye yokukhanya okuthuthukisiwe ukuthi idlule, yenze i-laser yokukhiphayo. Le nsimbi inokuqondisa okuphezulu, ukuhambisana, kanye ne-monochromaticity.
Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe noma unentshisekelo kuma-lasers, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi:
I-Lumispot
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2024