Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-optoelectronic, ama-laser e-semiconductor asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengokuxhumana ngocingo, ezokwelapha, ekucutshungulweni kwezimboni, kanye ne-LiDAR, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, kanye nokulula kokuguquguquka. Enhliziyweni yalobu buchwepheshe kukhona i-gain medium, edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isebenza njenge-"umthombo wamandla"okuvumela ukukhishwa okukhuthaziwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-laser, okunquma i-laser'ukusebenza, ubude be-wavelength, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa.
1. Kuyini Indlela Yokuthola Inzuzo?
Njengoba igama lisikisela, i-gain medium iyinto enikeza ukukhulisa ukukhanya. Uma ishukunyiswa imithombo yamandla yangaphandle (njengokujova kagesi noma ukupompa okubonakalayo), ikhulisa ukukhanya kwezehlakalo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokukhishwa okushukunyiswayo, okuholela ekukhishweni kwe-laser.
Kuma-laser e-semiconductor, i-gain medium ngokuvamile yakhiwa yisifunda esisebenzayo endaweni yokuhlangana kwe-PN, lapho ukwakheka kwezinto, isakhiwo, kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuthinta ngqo amapharamitha abalulekile njenge-threshold current, ubude be-emission wavelength, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezici zokushisa.
2. Izinto Ezivamile Zokuzuza Kuma-Laser E-Semiconductor
Ama-semiconductor e-III-V ahlanganisiwe yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokuthola amandla. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka:
①I-GaAs (i-Gallium Arsenide)
Ifanelekela ukukhishwa kwe-laser ku-850–Ububanzi obungu-980 nm, obusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwe-optical kanye nokuphrinta nge-laser.
②I-InP (Indium Phosphide)
Isetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwegesi kuma-band angu-1.3 µm kanye no-1.55 µm, okubalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber-optic.
③I-InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Ukwakheka kwazo kungalungiswa ukuze kufezwe amaza ahlukahlukene, okwakha isisekelo semiklamo ye-laser enobude bamaza obuguquguqukayo.
Lezi zinto zivame ukuba nezakhiwo ze-bandgap eziqondile, okwenza zisebenze kahle kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwe-electron-hole nge-photon emission, okulungele ukusetshenziswa ku-semiconductor laser gain medium.
3. Ukuvela Kwezakhiwo Zokuzuza
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buqhubeka, izakhiwo zokuzuza kuma-laser e-semiconductor ziye zashintsha kusukela kuma-homojunctions okuqala kuya kuma-heterojunctions, futhi zaqhubeka zaya ekuthuthukisweni kwe-quantum well kanye nokucushwa kwamachashazi e-quantum.
①Inzuzo Ye-Heterojunction Medium
Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ze-semiconductor nezikhala ezahlukene ze-bandgaps, abathwali kanye nama-photon kungagcinwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-gain kanye nokunciphisa umkhawulo wamanje.
②Izakhiwo Zomthombo We-Quantum
Ngokunciphisa ukujiya kwesifunda esisebenzayo kuya esikalini se-nanometer, ama-electron agcinwa ngezindlela ezimbili, okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwemisebe. Lokhu kuphumela kuma-laser anezibani eziphansi kanye nokuzinza okungcono kokushisa.
③Izakhiwo ze-Quantum Dot
Kusetshenziswa amasu okuzihlanganisa, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezincane ezingenaso isici, ezihlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lamandla abukhali. Lezi zakhiwo zinikeza izici zokuzuza ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokuqina kwamaza obubanzi, okwenza zibe yindawo yokucwaninga yama-laser e-semiconductor asebenza kahle esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
4. Yini Enquma I-Gain Medium?
①Ubude be-Wavelength yokukhipha
Igebe lezinto ezibonakalayo linquma i-laser'ubude be-wavelength. Isibonelo, i-InGaAs ifanelekela ama-laser aseduze kwe-infrared, kuyilapho i-InGaN isetshenziselwa ama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
②Ukusebenza Kahle Namandla
Ukuhamba kwe-carrier kanye namazinga okuhlangana kabusha okungenamisebe kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-optical-to-electric.
③Ukusebenza Kokushisa
Izinto ezahlukene zisabela ezinguqukweni zokushisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, zithonya ukuthembeka kwe-laser ezindaweni zezimboni nezempi.
④Impendulo Yokushintshashintsha
I-gain medium ithonya i-laser'isivinini sempendulo, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezisheshayo.
5. Isiphetho
Esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sama-laser e-semiconductor, i-gain medium ngempela "inhliziyo" yayo—Akuyona nje kuphela enesibopho sokukhiqiza i-laser kodwa futhi nokuthonya impilo yayo yonke, ukuzinza, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto kuya ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, kusukela ekusebenzeni okukhulu kuya ezindleleni ezincane kakhulu, yonke impumelelo ekutholeni i-gain medium iqhubela ubuchwepheshe be-laser ekusebenzeni okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, kanye nokuhlola okujulile.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezincane, kulindeleke ukuthi i-gain medium yesikhathi esizayo ilethe ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukumbozwa kwamaza obubanzi, kanye nezixazululo ze-laser ezihlakaniphile.—ukuvula amathuba engeziwe esayensi, imboni kanye nomphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2025