I-Laser rangefinder isiphenduke amathuluzi abalulekile emikhakheni esukela kwezemidlalo nokwakhiwa kuya ocwaningweni lwezempi nolwesayensi. Lawa madivaysi akala amabanga ngokunemba okumangalisayo ngokukhipha ama-laser pulses futhi ahlaziye ukubonakaliswa kwawo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi basebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zabo eziyinhloko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-laser rangefinder kanye neqhaza lazo ekuletheni izilinganiso ezinembile.
1. I-Laser Diode (Emitter)
Enhliziyweni yayo yonke i-laser rangefinder kune-laser diode, ekhiqiza ukukhanya okuhambisanayo okusetshenziselwa ukukala. Ngokuvamile isebenza ku-spectrum eseduze ne-infrared (isb, 905 nm noma 1550 nm wavelengths), i-diode ikhipha ama-pulses okukhanya amafushane, agxilile. Ukukhethwa kwe-wavelength kulinganisa ukuphepha (ukuvikela amehlo omuntu) nokusebenza ezimweni ezihlukene zemvelo. Ama-diode ekhwalithi ephezulu aqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-beam okungaguquki, okubalulekile ekunembeni kwebanga elide.
2. Isistimu ye-Optical Lens
Uhlelo lwe-optical lens lusebenza imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
- Ukuhlangana: I-laser ekhishiwe incishiswa futhi iqondaniswe ibe yi-parallel beam ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlakazeka ebangeni.
- Ukugxila: Ngokukhanya okubuyayo okubonisiwe, amalensi agxilisa amafotoni ahlakazekile kumtshina.
Izitholi zebanga ezithuthukisiwe zingase zihlanganise amalensi alungisekayo noma amandla okusondeza ukuze azivumelanise nosayizi abahlukene okuqondiwe noma amabanga.
3. I-Photodetector (I-Receiver)
I-photodetector—ngokuvamile i-avalanche photodiode (APD) noma i-PIN diode—ithwebula ama-laser pulses abonisiwe. Ama-APD akhethwa ezinhlelweni zebanga elide ngenxa yokuzwela kwawo okuphezulu kanye nekhono lokukhulisa amasiginali abuthakathaka. Ukuhlunga ukukhanya kwe-ambient (isb, ukukhanya kwelanga), izihlungi ze-optical bandpass zihlanganiswa kumamukeli, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholwa ubude beza beza obukhethekile be-laser.
4. Isikhathi Sokundiza (ToF) Circuitry
Isikhathi sokuhamba kwendiza ingqondo engemuva kwesibalo sebanga. Ikala ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kwe-pulse ekhishiwe kanye nokubonisa okutholiwe. Njengoba ukukhanya kuhamba ngesivinini esaziwayo (~3×10⁸ m/s), ibanga libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
Izibali-sikhathi ezinesivinini esiphezulu (ezinokulungiswa kuma-picoseconds) zibalulekile ekunembeni kweleveli yemilimitha, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zebanga elifushane.
5. Iyunithi Yokucubungula Izignali
Idatha eluhlaza evela kusithwebuli sezithombe icutshungulwa i-microcontroller noma iphrosesa yesiginali yedijithali (DSP). Le yunithi ihlunga umsindo, inxephezele izici zemvelo (isb, ukuncipha komkhathi), futhi iguqule izilinganiso zesikhathi zibe ukufundwa kwebanga. Ama-algorithms athuthukile angase futhi aphathe ama-echoes amaningi (isb, ukuziba amahlamvu lapho uqondise isiqu somuthi).
6. Isibonisi nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi
Ama-rangefinder amaningi afaka isibonisi se-LCD noma se-OLED ukuze sibonise izilinganiso, ngokuvamile ezikhuliswa ngamamodi afana nokulungiswa komthambeka, ukuskena okuqhubekayo, noma uxhumano lwe-Bluetooth lokungena kwedatha. Okokufaka komsebenzisi—izinkinobho, izikrini zokuthinta, noma ukudayela okujikelezayo—kuvumela ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, ezifana negalofu, ukuzingela, noma ukuhlola.
7. Ukunikezwa kwamandla
Ibhethri elihlangene eliphinde lishajwe (isb., i-Li-ion) noma amaseli alahlwayo anika amandla ucingo. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kumamodeli aphathwa ngesandla asetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zangaphandle. Ezinye izitholi zifaka amamodi okonga amandla ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yebhethri phakathi nokungasebenzi.
8. Izindlu kanye Nezinhlelo Zokukhweza
Indlu yakhelwe ukuqina kanye ne-ergonomics, imvamisa ifaka izinto ezingangeni emanzini noma eziqinile (izilinganiso ze-IP). Ukuze kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinto zokusebenza (isb, amakhamera, izibhamu, noma ama-drones), izinketho zokukhweza ezifana namasokhethi amathathu noma ama-Picatinny rails angase afakwe.
Ukuthi Konke Kusebenza Kanjani Ndawonye
1. I-laser diode ikhipha ukushaya kwenhliziyo iqonde kulokho okuqondiwe.
2. Isistimu ye-optical iqondisa i-beam futhi iqoqe ukucabangela.
3. I-photodetector ithwebula isignali yokubuyisela, ehlungwe emsindweni ozungezile.
4. Isekhethi ye-ToF ibala isikhathi esidlulile.
5. Iphrosesa iguqula isikhathi siye kude futhi ibonise umphumela.
Isiphetho
Kusukela ekunembeni kwe-laser diode yayo kuya ekubeni yinkimbinkimbi kwama-algorithms ayo okucubungula, ingxenye ngayinye ye-laser rangefinder idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba nokwethembeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdlali wegalofu owahlulela i-putt noma unjiniyela wokwenza imephu, ukuqonda lezi zakhi kusiza ekukhetheni ithuluzi elifanele lezidingo zakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-18-2025