Ama-rangefinder e-laser abe ngamathuluzi abalulekile emikhakheni esukela kwezemidlalo nakwezokwakha kuya ocwaningweni lwezempi nolwesayensi. Lawa madivayisi alinganisa amabanga ngokunemba okuphawulekayo ngokukhipha ama-laser pulse nokuhlaziya ukubonakaliswa kwawo. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi asebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zawo eziyinhloko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-rangefinder ye-laser kanye nezindima zazo ekuletheni izilinganiso ezinembile.
1. I-Laser Diode (i-Emitter)
Enhliziyweni ye-laser rangefinder ngayinye kukhona i-laser diode, ekhiqiza umsebe wokukhanya ohambisanayo osetshenziselwa ukulinganisa. Ngokuvamile isebenza ku-spectrum ye-near-infrared (isb., ama-wavelength angu-905 nm noma angu-1550 nm), i-diode ikhipha ama-pulse okukhanya amafushane, agxile. Ukukhetha ubude be-wavelength kulinganisela ukuphepha (ukuvikela amehlo abantu) kanye nokusebenza ezimweni zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Ama-diode asezingeni eliphezulu aqinisekisa ukuqina komsebe okuhambisanayo, okubalulekile ekunembileni kwebanga elide.
2. Uhlelo Lwelensi Yokubona
Uhlelo lwe-lens olubonakalayo lunemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
- Ukuhlanganiswa: Ugongolo lwe-laser olukhishwayo luncishisiwe futhi luhlanganiswe lube ugongolo oluhambisanayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlakazeka ngebanga.
- Ukugxila: Ukuze kubonakale ukukhanya okubuyayo, amalensi agxilisa ama-photon ahlakazekile kumtshina.
Ama-rangefinders athuthukisiwe angafaka amalensi alungisekayo noma amakhono okusondeza ukuze avumelane nosayizi noma amabanga ahlukene okuqondiwe.
3. Isitholi sezithombe (Isitholi)
I-photodetector—ngokuvamile i-avalanche photodiode (APD) noma i-PIN diode—ibamba ama-laser pulses abonakalayo. Ama-APD ayathandwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo okude ngenxa yokuzwela kwawo okuphezulu kanye nekhono lokukhulisa izimpawu ezibuthakathaka. Ukuze kuhlungwe ukukhanya okuzungezile (isb., ukukhanya kwelanga), izihlungi ze-optical bandpass zifakwa ku-receiver, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala ubude be-wavelength obuthile be-laser kuphela.
4. Isikhathi Sokuhamba Ngendiza (ToF)
I-circuitry yesikhathi sokundiza yingqondo ephethe ukubalwa kwebanga. Ilinganisa ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kwe-pulse ekhishwayo kanye nokukhanya okutholiwe. Njengoba ukukhanya kuhamba ngesivinini esaziwayo (~3×10⁸ m/s), ibanga libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
Ama-timer esivinini esiphezulu kakhulu (anezinqumo kuma-picosecond) abalulekile ekuqondeni kwezinga lama-millimeter, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zebanga elifushane.
5. Iyunithi Yokucubungula Amasignali
Idatha eluhlaza evela ku-photodetector icutshungulwa yi-microcontroller noma i-digital signal processor (DSP). Le yunithi ihlunga umsindo, ivumelane nezici zemvelo (isb., ukuncishiswa komoya), futhi iguqula izilinganiso zesikhathi zibe ukufundwa kwebanga. Ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe angaphatha futhi ama-echo amaningi (isb., ukunganaki amaqabunga lapho eqondisa isiqu somuthi).
6. Isibonisi kanye ne-User Interface
Iningi lama-rangefinders libonisa isibonisi se-LCD noma se-OLED ukuze libonise izilinganiso, ngokuvamile ezithuthukiswa ngezindlela ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-slope, ukuskena okuqhubekayo, noma ukuxhumana kwe-Bluetooth kokurekhoda idatha. Okokufaka komsebenzisi—izinkinobho, izikrini zokuthinta, noma ama-dial ajikelezayo—kuvumela ukwenza ngezifiso izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, njengokudlala igalofu, ukuzingela, noma ukuhlola.
7. Ukunikezwa Kwamandla
Ibhethri elincane elingashajwa kabusha (isb., i-Li-ion) noma amaseli alahlwayo anika amandla idivayisi. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kumamodeli aphathwayo asetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle. Amanye ama-rangefinder afaka izindlela zokonga amandla ukuze andise impilo yebhethri ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
8. Izinhlelo Zezindlu Nokufaka
Indlu yakhelwe ukuqina kanye ne-ergonomics, ngokuvamile inezinto ezingangeni manzi noma ezingashaqeki (izilinganiso ze-IP). Ukuze kuhlanganiswe neminye imishini (isb., amakhamera, izibhamu, noma ama-drones), izinketho zokufaka ezifana nama-tripod sockets noma ama-Picatinny rails zingafakwa.
Indlela Konke Okusebenza Ngayo Ndawonye
1. I-laser diode ikhipha i-pulse iqonde endaweni eqondiwe.
2. Uhlelo lwe-optical luqondisa umsebe futhi luqoqe ukubonakaliswa.
3. I-photodetector ibamba isignali yokubuya, ehlungiwe kusuka emsindweni ozungezile.
4. Isekethe ye-ToF ibala isikhathi esidlulile.
5. Iprosesa iguqula isikhathi sibe yibanga bese ikhombisa umphumela.
Isiphetho
Kusukela ekunembeni kwe-laser diode yayo kuya ekuqondeni kahle kwama-algorithms ayo okucubungula, ingxenye ngayinye ye-laser rangefinder idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba nokuthembeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdlali wegalofu ohlulela i-putt noma unjiniyela odweba indawo, ukuqonda lezi zinto kusiza ekukhetheni ithuluzi elifanele izidingo zakho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-18-2025