Kuma-elekthronikhi anamuhla kanye nama-optoelectronics, izinto ze-semiconductor zidlala indima engenakuphikwa. Kusukela kuma-smartphone kanye ne-radar yezimoto kuya kuma-laser ebanga lezimboni, amadivayisi e-semiconductor akhona yonke indawo. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlaka ezibalulekile, ukumelana kungenye yezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuqonda nokuklama ukusebenza kwedivayisi ye-semiconductor.
1. Kuyini Ukumelana Nokungezwani?
Ukumelana kuyinto engokoqobo elinganisa ukuthi into ethile iphikisana kangakanani nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi, okuvame ukuvezwa ngamasentimitha angu-ohm (Ω·cm). Ibonisa "ukumelana" kwangaphakathi okwenziwa ama-electron njengoba ehamba phakathi kwezinto. Izinsimbi ngokuvamile zinokumelana okuphansi kakhulu, ama-insulator anokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu, kanti ama-semiconductor awela endaweni ethile phakathi—ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokumelana okulungisekayo. Ukumelana ρ=R*(L/A), lapho: R kungukumelana kukagesi, u-A yindawo enqamula ingxenye yezinto, u-L ubude bezinto.
2. Izici Ezithonya Ukumelana Kwe-Semiconductor
Ngokungafani nezinsimbi, ukumelana kwama-semiconductor akuzinzile. Kuthonywa yizici eziningana ezibalulekile:
① Uhlobo Lwezinto: Izinto ezahlukene ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon (Si), i-gallium arsenide (GaAs), kanye ne-indium phosphide (InP) zinamanani ahlukene okumelana nokuqina.
② Ukufaka i-doping: Ukwethula ama-dopants (njenge-boron noma i-phosphorus) ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene kanye nokugxila kushintsha ukuhlushwa komthwali, okuthinta kakhulu ukumelana.
③ Izinga Lokushisa: Ukumelana kwe-semiconductor kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuhlushwa kwe-carrier kuyanda, ngokuvamile okuholela ekumelaneni okuphansi.
④ Isakhiwo Sekristalu Namaphutha: Ukungapheleli esakhiweni sekristalu—njengokuhlukana noma amaphutha—kungaphazamisa ukuhamba kwenkampani ethwala izinto futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthonye ukumelana kwayo.
3. Indlela Ukumelana Nokucindezeleka Okuthinta Ngayo Ukusebenza Kwedivayisi
Ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, ukumelana kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isivinini sokuphendula, kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza. Isibonelo:
Kuma-diode e-laser, ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kuholela ekushiseni okukhulu, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwedivayisi.
Kumadivayisi e-RF, ukumelana okulungiswe ngokucophelela kwenza kube lula ukufanisa i-impedance kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali okuthuthukisiwe.
Kuma-photodetector, ama-substrate anokumelana okuphezulu avame ukuba abalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukusebenza okuphansi kokukhanya okumnyama.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okunembile nokulawula ukumelana kubalulekile ebunjiniyelani bamadivayisi e-semiconductor.
4. Amabanga Okumelana Nezimboni Ajwayelekile (Amanani Okubhekisela)
Uhlobo Lwezinto Zokusebenza Ukumelana (Ω·cm)
I-Intrinsic Silicon (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
I-Silicon Ehlanganisiwe (uhlobo lwe-n/uhlobo lwe-p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
I-Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (evikela kancane) ~ 10⁻³
I-Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²
5. Isiphetho
Ukumelana nakho kungaphezu nje kwepharamitha yezinto ezibonakalayo—kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamadivayisi e-semiconductor. Kwa-Lumispot, senza ngcono ukumelana nakho ngokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, amasu aqondile okusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kanye nokulawula inqubo okucwengekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi ethu ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
6. Mayelana Nathi
I-Lumispot igxile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwama-laser e-semiconductor asebenza kahle kakhulu namadivayisi e-optoelectronic. Siyaqonda indima ebalulekile edlalwa yimingcele yezinto ezibonakalayo njengokumelana nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Xhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokulawulwa kokumelana, izinto ze-semiconductor ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, kanye nezixazululo zokuklama i-laser ezenzelwe izidingo zakho zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-09-2025