Ku-electronics yesimanje kanye ne-optoelectronics, izinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor zidlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo. Kusukela kuma-smartphones kanye ne-radar yezimoto ukuya kuma-laser ebanga lezimboni, amadivayisi we-semiconductor akuyo yonke indawo. Kuwo wonke amapharamitha abalulekile, ukumelana nokumelana kungenye yamamethrikhi abaluleke kakhulu okuqonda nokuklama ukusebenza kwedivayisi ye-semiconductor.
1. Kuyini Ukungazweli?
Ukumelana nenani elibonakalayo elikala ukuthi into ethile imelana kakhulu kangakanani nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi, ngokuvamile ivezwa ngamasentimitha angu-ohm (Ω·cm). Ibonisa "ukumelana" kwangaphakathi ama-electron akutholayo njengoba ehamba ontweni. Izinsimbi ngokuvamile zine-resistivity ephansi kakhulu, ama-insulators ane-resistivity ephezulu kakhulu, futhi ama-semiconductors awela ndawana thize phakathi-ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokumelana nokuqina. Ukumelana nogesi ρ=R*(L/A), lapho: U-R uwukumelana nogesi, u-A uyindawo enqamula ingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo, u-L ubude bento.
2. Izinto Ezithonya Ukungazweli Kwe-Semiconductor
Ngokungafani nezinsimbi, ukumelana nama-semiconductors akulungisiwe. Kuthonywa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
① Uhlobo Lwezinto: Izinto ezihlukile ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon (Si), i-gallium arsenide (GaAs), ne-indium phosphide (InP) zinamanani ahlukene okumelana ne-intrinsic.
② I-Doping: Ukwethula ama-dopants (afana ne-boron noma i-phosphorus) ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene nokugxilisa ingqondo kushintsha ukugxilisa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi, kube nomthelela omkhulu ukumelana nokumelana.
③ Izinga lokushisa: Ukumelana ne-semiconductor kuncike kakhulu kumazinga okushisa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukugxilwa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi kuyenyuka, ngokuvamile okuholela ekunciphiseni ukumelana.
④ Isakhiwo Sekristalu Nokukhubazeka: Ukungapheleli esakhiweni sekristalu—njengokugudluka noma ukonakala—kungakhinyabeza ukuhamba kwenkampani yenethiwekhi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela ukumelana.
3. Ukuthi Ukungazweli Kukuthinta Kanjani Ukusebenza Kwedivayisi
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, ukumelana nokumelana kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isivinini sokuphendula, nokuzinza kokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo:
Kuma-laser diode, ukumelana okuphezulu ngokweqile kuholela ekushiseni okubalulekile, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuphuma kokukhanya nempilo yedivayisi.
Kumadivayisi e-RF, ukumelana okucushwe ngokucophelela kunika amandla ukufanisa okungcono kakhulu kwe-impedance kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali okuthuthukisiwe.
Kuma-photodetectors, ama-substrates ane-high-resistivity ngokuvamile abalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwamanje okumnyama okuphansi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuklama okunembayo nokulawulwa kokumelana nakho kubalulekile kubunjiniyela bedivayisi ye-semiconductor.
4. Izigaba Ezijwayelekile Zokumelana Nezimboni (Amanani Ayisethenjwa)
Ukumelana Kohlobo Lwezinto ezibonakalayo (Ω·cm)
I-Intrinsic Silicon (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
I-Doped Silicon (n-type/p-type) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
I-Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (i-semi-insulating) ~ 10⁻³
I-Indidium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²
5. Isiphetho
Ukungazweli kungaphezu nje kwepharamitha yezinto ezibonakalayo—kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamadivayisi we-semiconductor. E-Lumispot, sithuthukisa ukumelana nokumelana ngokukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo, amasu anembayo we-doping, nokulawula inqubo ecolisisiwe ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi amadivayisi ethu alethela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
6. Mayelana Nathi
I-Lumispot igxile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni ama-laser we-semiconductor asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye namadivayisi we-optoelectronic. Siyaliqonda iqhaza elibalulekile elidlalwa amapharamitha wezinto ezibonakalayo njengokumelana nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Xhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokulawula ukumelana nokumelana, izinto ezenziwe ngezifiso ze-semiconductor, nezixazululo ze-laser design ezihambisana nezidingo zakho zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-09-2025