Emkhakheni wama-laser anamandla amakhulu, ama-laser bar ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezibalulekile. Awasebenzi nje kuphela njengamayunithi ayisisekelo okukhipha amandla, kodwa futhi ahlanganisa ukunemba nokuhlanganiswa kobunjiniyela be-optoelectronic banamuhla.—okubenza baqanjwe igama lesiteketiso: “injini” yezinhlelo ze-laser. Kodwa siyini ngempela isakhiwo sebha ye-laser, futhi ikhipha kanjani amashumi noma ngisho namakhulu ama-watts okukhipha kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa nje ngobukhulu? Lesi sihloko sihlola ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kanye nezimfihlo zobunjiniyela ngemuva kwebha ye-laser.
1. Iyini Ibha Yelaser?
Ibha yelasi iyidivayisi ekhipha amandla aphezulu eyakhiwe ngama-chip amaningi e-laser diode ahlelwe eceleni ku-substrate eyodwa. Nakuba isimiso sayo sokusebenza sifana nese-laser eyodwa ye-semiconductor, ibha yelasi isebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-multi-emitter ukuze ifinyelele amandla aphezulu okukhanya kanye nesici sefomu esincane.
Amabha e-laser asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni, yezokwelapha, yesayensi, kanye neyezokuvikela, kungaba njengemithombo ye-laser eqondile noma njengemithombo yamaphampu yama-fiber lasers kanye nama-solid-state lasers.
2. Ukwakheka Kwesakhiwo Sebha Yelaser
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sebha ye-laser sinquma ngqo ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuyinhloko sakhiwe yizingxenye ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
①I-Emitters Array
Imigoqo ye-laser ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-emitter ayi-10 kuya kwangu-100 (imigodi ye-laser) ahlelwe eceleni. I-emitter ngayinye ingaba cishe ama-50–150μububanzi buka-m futhi busebenza njengesifunda esizimele sokuzuza, esine-PN junction, i-resonant cavity, kanye nesakhiwo se-waveguide ukukhiqiza nokukhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser. Nakuba wonke ama-emitter abelana nge-substrate efanayo, avame ukuqhutshwa ngogesi ngokuhambisana noma ngezindawo.
②Isakhiwo Sesendlalelo Se-semiconductor
Enhliziyweni yebha yelaser kukhona inqwaba yezendlalelo ze-semiconductor, okuhlanganisa:
- Izendlalelo ze-epitaxial zohlobo lwe-P kanye nohlobo lwe-N (ezakha i-PN junction)
- Isendlalelo esisebenzayo (isb., isakhiwo somthombo we-quantum), esikhiqiza ukukhishwa okukhuthaziwe
- Isendlalelo se-Waveguide, ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwemodi eziqondisweni ezisemaceleni neziqondile
- Ama-reflector e-Bragg noma ama-HR/AR coating, athuthukisa umphumela we-laser oqondisayo
③Isakhiwo Sokuphathwa Kwe-Substrate kanye Nokushisa
Ama-emitter akhuliswa ku-substrate ye-monolithic semiconductor (ngokuvamile i-GaAs). Ukuze kuqedwe ukushisa okuphumelelayo, i-laser bar ifakwa kuma-submounts ane-conductivity ephezulu njengethusi, i-W-Cu alloy, noma i-CVD diamond, futhi ihlanganiswe nama-heat sink kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo.
④Uhlelo Lokukhipha Ukungcola kanye Nokuqhekeka
Ngenxa yama-engeli amakhulu okuhlukana kwemisebe ekhishwayo, imigoqo ye-laser ivame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-micro-lens arrays (FAC/SAC) ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kufakwe imisebe. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-optics engeziwe—njengamalensi ayisilinda noma ama-prism—zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukwehluka kwensimu ekude kanye nekhwalithi yemisebe.
3. Izici Eziyinhloko Zesakhiwo Ezithonya Ukusebenza
Isakhiwo sebha ye-laser sidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuzinza kwayo, ukusebenza kahle kwayo, kanye nokuphila kwayo. Izici eziningana ezibalulekile zifaka:
①Umklamo Wokuphathwa Kokushisa
Amabha e-laser anamandla amakhulu kanye nokushisa okugxilile. Ukumelana okuphansi kokushisa kubalulekile, okutholakala ngokushiswa kwe-AuSn noma ukubopha kwe-indium, kuhlanganiswe nokupholisa kwe-microchannel ukuze kuqedwe ukushisa okufanayo.
②Ukubumba Nokuqondanisa Imisebe
Ama-emitter amaningi avame ukuba nezinkinga zokungavumelani kahle kanye nokungahambisani kahle kwamagagasi. Ukwakheka nokuqondana kwelensi ngokunemba kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokukhanya kwe-far-field.
③Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka Nokuthembeka
Ukungafani kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuma-coefficients okwandisa ukushisa kungaholela ekugobeni noma ekuqhekekeni okuncane. Ukupakisha kumele kwakhiwe ukuze kusabalaliswe ukucindezeleka komshini ngokulinganayo futhi kumelane nokujikeleza kokushisa ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
4. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Ekuklanyweni Kwebha Ye-Laser
Njengoba isidingo samandla aphezulu, usayizi omncane, kanye nokuthembeka okukhulu sikhula, izakhiwo ze-laser bar ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Iziqondiso ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa zifaka:
①Ukwandiswa kobude begagasi: Kunwebeka ku-1.5μamabhendi e-m kanye ne-mid-infrared
②Ukwenziwa kube lula: Ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi amancane kanye namamojula ahlanganiswe kakhulu
③Ukupakisha Okuhlakaniphile: Kuhlanganisa izinzwa zokushisa kanye nezinhlelo zempendulo yesimo
④Ukunqwabelana Okuphezulu: Ama-array anezingqimba ukuze kufezwe umkhiqizo osezingeni le-kilowatt endaweni encane
5. Isiphetho
Njengoba"inhliziyo"Ngezinhlelo ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-laser bar kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-optical, kagesi, kanye nokushisa kohlelo lonke. Ukuhlanganisa ama-emitter amaningi esakhiweni esingamamilimitha ububanzi akubonisi nje kuphela amasu athuthukisiwe ezinto zokwakha, kodwa futhi kumelela izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa namuhla.'imboni yezithombe.
Uma sibheka phambili, njengoba isidingo semithombo ye-laser esebenza kahle nethembekile siqhubeka nokukhula, ukusungula izinto ezintsha esakhiweni se-laser bar kuzohlala kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa imboni ye-laser iye ezingeni elisha.
Uma u'Uma ufuna ukwesekwa kochwepheshe ekupakisheni ibha ye-laser, ukuphathwa kokushisa, noma ukukhetha umkhiqizo, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi.'Silapha ukuzokunikeza izixazululo ezenzelwe wena ukuze zihambisane nezidingo zakho ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-02-2025