I-Laser Designator iyisisetshenziswa esithuthukisiwe esisebenzisa i-laser egxiliswe kakhulu ukuqoka okuqondiwe. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezempi, ukuhlola, nezimboni, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu kwesimanje. Ngokukhanyisa ithagethi nge-laser enembile, abaklami be-laser bavumela izikhali ezahlukahlukene eziqondisiwe ukuthi zilandelele futhi zishaye okuqondiwe ngokunembile. Ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zeziteleka ezinembayo, ukusetshenziswa kwabaklami be-laser kukhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokulwa nokunemba kwamayunithi ezempi. Ngezansi yisingeniso esinwetshiwe esinemininingwane sabaklami be-laser.
1. Isimiso Sokusebenza
Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza komklami we-laser ukukhipha i-laser beam egxile kakhulu endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo. I-laser ngokuvamile ikubude beza be-infrared, iyenza ingabonakali ngeso lenyama, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ubuqili bobuqili. I-beam ekhishwa umklami we-laser itholwa izinzwa kumasistimu ezikhali njengamabhomu aqondiswa nge-laser noma imicibisholo. Lezi zinzwa zingakwazi ukubona isignali ye-laser ebonisiwe futhi ziqondise isikhali ngalapho kuya khona lapho ugongolo lushaye khona.
2. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-laser designator zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- I-Laser Emitter: Le ngxenye ikhiqiza i-laser beam egxile kakhulu. Abaklami be-laser ngokuvamile basebenza kubude beza beza obuseduze kwe-infrared (NIR), cishe kuma-nanometer angu-1064. Le wavelength inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okungena nokukwazi ukubona kumabanga amade, okuyenza ifanelekele iziteleka zebanga elide.
- Isistimu ye-Optical: Lolu hlelo lugxilisa i-laser beam futhi lulungise isiqondiso sayo. Isistimu yokubona iqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser beam ishaya ngokunembile indawo eqondiwe, igwema ukumosheka kwamandla nokugcina amandla e-beam nokugxila. Abanye abaklami be-laser bafakwe amasistimu okukhanya alungisekayo, avumela opharetha ukuthi aguqule ukuhlakazeka nokuqina kwe-beam ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukile.
- Uhlelo Lokuqokwa Okuqondisiwe: Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinto ezibonwa ngamehlo, izibonakude, noma amadivaysi okuhloswe nge-laser. Lawa masistimu asiza opharetha ukuthi baqonde ngokunembe kakhudlwana ezintweni ezizoqokwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser beam igxile kulokho okuhlosiwe. Abaklami be-laser abathuthukisiwe bangafaka amasistimu okuqinisa kagesi anxephezela ukundindizela kwezandla noma ukudlidliza okubangelwa izimoto ezihambayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokukhomba.
- Ukunikezwa kwamandla: Ukunikezwa kwamandla kunikeza amandla adingekayo kumklami we-laser. Abaklami belaser ngokuvamile basebenzisa amabhethri akhelwe ngaphakathi ashajwa kabusha noma imithombo yamandla yangaphandle. Impilo yebhethri iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ohambweni lwesikhathi eside noma amamodi anamandla amakhulu.
3. Izicelo
Abaklami be-Laser basetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezempi, ukuhlola, nezimboni:
- Izicelo Zezempi: Abaklami be-Laser badlala indima engenakushintshwa emisebenzini yesimanje yezempi. Asetshenziselwa ohambweni lwesiteleka esinembayo, okuvumela izindiza zempi, ama-drones, namandla aphansi ukumaka okuqondiwe kwezitha. Amabhomu aqondiswa nge-laser, imicibisholo (njengochungechunge lwe-Paveway), namagobolondo angakwazi ukukhiya okuqondiwe ngezimpawu ze-laser ezinikezwe umklami, okuvumela ukushaya okunembile kungqalasizinda yesitha ebalulekile noma okuhlosiwe okunyakazayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhali zendabuko, amasistimu aqondiswa ukunemba abhangqwe nabaklami be-laser akhuphula ngokumangalisayo ukusebenza kahle kweziteleka, ehlisa umonakalo owenziwe yisibambiso kanye nokulimala kwezakhamuzi.
- Ukuhlola Nokuma Kwendawo: Ezicelweni zomphakathi, abaklami be-laser basetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokubeka imisebenzi. Angakwazi ukulinganisa futhi aqoke amabanga amade, asize abahloli bomhlaba ekutholeni ngokunembile izindawo zezwe ezindaweni ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abaklami be-laser baphinde basetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-LiDAR (Ukutholwa Kokukhanya Nokubala) ukusiza ukukhiqiza amamephu wesimo sendawo e-3D anembe kakhulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhleleni amadolobha, ubunjiniyela bezokwakha, kanye nokuhlola izinsiza.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni: Ekwenziweni kwezimboni kanye ne-automation, abaklami be-laser basebenza njengamathuluzi okumaka anembayo, ikakhulukazi kumishini yokunemba okuphezulu nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa. Bangakwazi ukumaka indawo noma umkhondo wezingxenye, baqinisekise ukuthi imishini ilandela indlela enqunywe kusengaphambili. Imvelo yokungathinteki yabaklami be-laser ibenza bafaneleke endaweni yokukhiqiza enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma enesivinini esikhulu, njengokucutshungulwa kwensimbi noma ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye ye-elekthronikhi.
4. Izinzuzo
Abaklami be-Laser banikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo:
- Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Ukuqondiswa okuphezulu kwe-laser beam nokugxila kuvumela ukushaywa okunembe kakhulu nezilinganiso kumabanga amade. Lokhu kubalulekile ezitelekeni zamasosha nasekucubunguleni ukunemba kwezimboni.
- Impendulo Esheshayo: Abaklami be-laser bangamaka okuqondiwe khona manjalo, ngokusebenza okulula nokusabela okusheshayo, okubenza bafanelekele ukuthunyelwa nokwenziwa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi yenkundla yempi.
- Stealth: Njengoba abaklami be-laser ngokuvamile besebenzisa amaza amaza e-infrared, ugongolo lwe-laser alubonakali ngeso lenyama. Leli khono lobuqili livimbela indawo yesisebenzisi ukuthi ingavezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kunciphisa ingcuphe yezinyathelo zokulwa nesitha.
5. Izinselele kanye Nemikhawulo
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwawo okubanzi emikhakheni yezempi neyomphakathi, abaklami be-laser babhekana nezinselele kanye nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela:
- Umthelela Wesimo Sezulu: Ukusebenza kwemishayo ye-laser kungathinteka kakhulu izimo zezulu. Enkungwini, emvuleni, noma eqhweni, umsebe we-laser ungase uhlakazeke, unciphe, noma ugudluke. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza komklami weziteleka noma izilinganiso.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Abaklami be-laser badinga amandla amakhulu ukuze bagcine amandla e-beam nokuzinza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside noma kumamodi anamandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, impilo yebhethri iba yisici esikhawulela ohambweni lwesikhathi eside.
6. Izinhlobo Ezivamile
Abaklami be-Laser bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwabo lokusebenza nezici zokuklama:
- Abaklami beLaser Abaphathekayo: Lawa amadizayini ahlangene, angasindi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa amasosha angaphansi. Angaphathwa ngesandla noma agxunyekwe phezu kwezikhali ezilula, anikeze amasosha angaphambili ngamakhono okukhomba, ikakhulukazi ohambweni lwabadubuli noma emisebenzini yokulwa yezinga elincane.
- I-Airborne Laser Designators: Lezi zigitshezwa ezindizeni ezifana namajethi ezempi noma ama-drones futhi asetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhomba okuqondisiwe okusuka emoyeni ukuya phansi kanye nemishini yesiteleka. Bangakwazi ukumaka okuqondiwe kusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi basebenze ngezikhali eziqondiswa ngokunemba ezitelekeni zebanga elide, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezitelekeni zamaqhinga noma usekelo lwenkundla yempi.
- Abaklami beLaser Agibele Imoto/Abagibele Emkhunjini: Lezi zifakwe ezintweni ezisindayo njengezimoto ezihlomile, amathangi, noma imikhumbi, futhi ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa emisebenzini yamaqhinga amakhulu. Banikeza ukumaka okuqondiwe okunembile kanye nosekelo lokubeka amasistimu amakhulu ezikhali.
7. Amathrendi Okuthuthukisa Ikusasa
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-laser, ububanzi kanye nokusebenza kwabaklami be-laser kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokuzayo, abaklami be-laser bangabona impumelelo ebalulekile ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Imisebenzi eminingi: Abaklami be-laser besikhathi esizayo bangahlanganisa imisebenzi eyengeziwe njengokutholwa kohlu nokuqashelwa okuqondiwe, ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo oluphelele lokusebenza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha nezinhlelo zezikhali.
- I-Miniaturization and Portability: Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, abaklami be-laser bazoba lula futhi baminyene, okuzokwenza kube lula ngamasosha ukuthi awaphathe futhi akusebenzise ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka kwenkundla yempi.
- Amandla Wokulwa Ne-jamming: Ezinkundleni zempi zesimanje, abaklami be-laser babhekana nosongo lwe-laser jamming kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nesitha. Abaklami be-laser besikhathi esizayo bazohlonyiswa ngamakhono aqinile e-anti-jamming ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zikagesi.
Njengengxenye eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe besimanje bezempi, abaklami be-laser bazodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo, ezifaka isandla ekutelekeni okunembayo nasekusetshenzisweni kwezizinda eziningi.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-14-2024