I-Laser Designator iyithuluzi elithuthukisiwe elisebenzisa umsebe we-laser ogxile kakhulu ukukhombisa ithagethi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezempi, ukuhlola, kanye nakwezimboni, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu kwanamuhla. Ngokukhanyisa ithagethi ngomsebe we-laser oqondile, abaklami be-laser bavumela izikhali ezahlukahlukene eziqondiswayo ukuthi zilandele futhi zishaye ithagethi ngokunembile. Ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zokushaya ngokunemba, ukusetshenziswa kwabaklami be-laser kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokulwa kanye nokunemba kwamayunithi ezempi. Ngezansi kunesingeniso esiningiliziwe sabaklami be-laser.
1. Isimiso Sokusebenza
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza kwe-laser designator ukukhipha umsebe we-laser ogxile kakhulu endaweni okuqondiwe kuyo. I-laser ngokuvamile itholakala ku-infrared wavelength, okwenza ingabonakali emehlweni enyama, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ukufihlakala kweqhinga. Umsebe okhishwa yi-laser designator utholwa yizinzwa ezinhlelweni zezikhali ezifana namabhomu aqondiswa yi-laser noma ama-missile. Lezi zinzwa zingabona isignali ye-laser eboniswayo futhi ziqondise isikhali siye ohlangothini lomsebe ukuze sishaye ithagethi.
2. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomklami we-laser zifaka okulandelayo:
- I-Laser Emitter: Le ngxenye ikhiqiza umsebe we-laser ogxile kakhulu. Abaklami be-laser bavame ukusebenza kubude be-wavelength obuseduze ne-infrared (NIR), obungaba ama-nanometer angu-1064. Lobu bude be-wavelength buhlinzeka ngokungena okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono lokubona amabanga amade, okwenza kube kuhle ukushaya ibanga elide.
- Uhlelo Lokubona: Lolu hlelo lugxila umsebe we-laser futhi lulungisa indlela oluqondiswa ngayo. Uhlelo lokubona luqinisekisa ukuthi umsebe we-laser ushaya indawo eqondiwe ngqo, ugwema ukuchithwa kwamandla futhi ulondoloze amandla nokugxila komsebe. Abanye abaklami be-laser bahlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokubona ezilungisekayo, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi ashintshe ukuhlakazeka komsebe kanye nokuqina kwawo ngokwezidingo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
- Uhlelo Lokuqokwa Kwethagethi: Lokhu kuvame ukufaka izinto ezibonakalayo, amatheleskopu, noma amadivayisi okuhlosa nge-laser. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza abaqhubi ukuthi baqondise ngqo izinto ezizoqokwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebe we-laser ugxile kuthagethi. Abaklami be-laser abathuthukisiwe bangafaka izinhlelo zokuzinzisa ze-elekthronikhi ezivala ukuthuthumela kwesandla noma ukudlidliza okubangelwa yizimoto ezihambayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokuhlosa.
- Ukunikezwa Kwamandla: Ukunikezwa kwamandla kunikeza amandla adingekayo kumklami we-laser. Abaklami be-laser ngokuvamile basebenzisa amabhethri ashajwayo akhelwe ngaphakathi noma imithombo yamandla yangaphandle. Ukuphila kwebhethri kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yesikhathi eside noma kumamodi wamandla aphezulu.
3. Izicelo
Ama-laser designators asetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezempi, ezokuhlola, kanye nezimboni:
- Izicelo Zezempi: Abaklami be-laser badlala indima engenakuphindwa emisebenzini yezempi yanamuhla. Basetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokushaya ngokunemba, okuvumela izindiza zempi, ama-drone, kanye namabutho asemhlabeni ukuthi aphawule izitha. Amabhomu aqondiswa yi-laser, imicibisholo (njengochungechunge lwe-Paveway), kanye namagobolondo kungangena ezithagethini ngokusebenzisa izimpawu ze-laser ezinikezwa ngumklami, okuvumela ukuhlasela okunembile engqalasizinda ebalulekile yesitha noma ezithagethini ezihambayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhali zendabuko, izinhlelo eziqondiswa ngokunemba ezihambisana nabaklami be-laser zandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushaya, kunciphisa umonakalo wezinto ezibambekayo kanye nokulimala kwabantu abavamile.
- Ukuhlola Nokubeka Indawo: Ezisetshenzisweni zomphakathi, abaklami be-laser basetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokuhlola nokubeka indawo. Bangalinganisa futhi baklame amabanga amade, basize abaklami be-laser ekutholeni ngokunembile izindawo zezwe ezindaweni ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abaklami be-laser basetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni ze-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) ukusiza ekukhiqizeni amamephu e-topographic e-3D anembe kakhulu, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhleleni amadolobha, ubunjiniyela bokwakha, kanye nokuhlola izinsiza.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni: Ekukhiqizeni nasekuzenzekeleni kwezimboni, abaklami be-laser basebenza njengamathuluzi okumaka ngokunemba, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokulungisa nokuhlanganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu. Bangamaka indawo noma umzila wezingxenye, baqinisekise ukuthi imishini ilandela indlela enqunyiwe. Ukungathintani kwabaklami be-laser kubenza bafanelekele izindawo zokukhiqiza ezishisa kakhulu noma ezisheshayo, njengokucubungula insimbi noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
4. Izinzuzo
Abaklami be-laser banikeza izinzuzo eziningana ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo:
- Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Ukuqondiswa okuphezulu kanye nokugxila komsebe we-laser kuvumela ukushaya okunembe kakhulu kanye nokulinganisa amabanga amade. Lokhu kubalulekile ekushayweni kwezempi kanye nasekucutshungulweni kokunemba kwezimboni.
- Impendulo Esheshayo: Abaklami be-laser bangamaka ama-target ngokushesha, ngokusebenza okulula kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo, okwenza afaneleke ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kanye nesenzo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zempi eziguquguqukayo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukucasha: Njengoba abaklami be-laser bevame ukusebenzisa amaza e-infrared, umsebe we-laser awubonakali ngeso lenyama. Leli khono lokucasha livimbela indawo yomqhubi ukuthi ivezwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okunciphisa ingozi yezinyathelo zokulwa nesitha.
5. Izinselele kanye nemikhawulo
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi emikhakheni yezempi kanye neyezakhamuzi, abaklami be-laser babhekene nezinselele ezithile kanye nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela:
- Umthelela Wesimo Sezulu: Ukusebenza kwemisebe ye-laser kungathinteka kakhulu yizimo zezulu. Enkungwini, emvuleni, noma eqhweni, umsebe we-laser ungahlakazeka, unciphe, noma ushintshe. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza komklami wezigameko noma izilinganiso.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Abaklami be-laser badinga amandla amakhulu ukuze balondoloze amandla okukhanya kanye nokuzinza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside noma ngezindlela zamandla aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, impilo yebhethri iba yinto evimbela imisebenzi yesikhathi eside.
6. Izinhlobo Ezivamile
Abaklami be-Laser bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngezici zabo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuklama:
- Izifanekiso Ze-Laser Eziphathekayo: Lezi yimiklamo emincane, elula evame ukusetshenziswa amabutho asemhlabeni. Zingaphathwa ngesandla noma zifakwe ezikhalini ezilula, zinikeze amasosha angaphambili amakhono okuqamba izitha, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yokudutshulwa noma emisebenzini yokulwa emincane.
- Izifanekiso ze-Airborne Laser: Lezi zifakwa ezindizeni ezifana nezindiza zempi noma ama-drone futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuqokwa kwezinjongo ezivela emoyeni kuya emhlabathini kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlasela. Zingamaka izinjongo zomhlaba zisuka ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi zisebenze ngezikhali eziqondiswa ngokunemba zokuhlasela okude, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaselweni okuqondiswe ngamaqhinga noma ekusekelweni kwempi.
- Ama-Laser Designators Afakwe Ezimotweni/Ezifakwe Emikhumbini: Lawa afakwa emishinini esindayo njengezimoto ezihlomile, amathangi, noma imikhumbi, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emisebenzini emikhulu yamaqhinga. Anikeza uphawu oluqondile lokukhomba kanye nokusekelwa kokubeka izinhlelo zezikhali ezinkulu.
7. Izitayela Zentuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-laser, ububanzi kanye nokusebenza kwabaklami be-laser kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Esikhathini esizayo, abaklami be-laser bangabona impumelelo ebalulekile ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Imisebenzi eminingi: Abaklami be-laser besikhathi esizayo bangahlanganisa imisebenzi eyengeziwe njengokuthola ububanzi kanye nokuqashelwa kwezinhloso, banikeze ukwesekwa okuphelele kokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha nezinhlelo zezikhali.
- Ukwenziwa Kancane Nokuthwaleka: Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, abaklami be-laser bazoba lula futhi babe bancane, okwenza kube lula ngamasosha ukubaphatha nokuwasebenzisa ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kwempi.
- Amakhono Okulwa Nokuvinjwa Kwezinjini: Ezinkundleni zempi zanamuhla, abaklami be-laser babhekene nosongo lokuvinjwa kwe-laser kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nesitha. Abaklami be-laser besikhathi esizayo bazobe behlonyiswe ngamakhono aqinile okulwa nokuvimba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-electromagnetic.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bezempi besimanje, abaklami be-laser bazodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, befaka isandla ekushayweni okunembile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo eziningi.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2024