Kuyini i-Inertial Navigation?
Izisekelo Zokuhamba Okungaguquki
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuzulazula kwe-inertial zifana nezezinye izindlela zokuzulazula. Ithembele ekutholeni ulwazi olubalulekile, okuhlanganisa indawo yokuqala, ukuqondiswa kokuqala, isiqondiso kanye nokuqondiswa kokunyakaza ngakunye, kanye nokuhlanganisa ngokuqhubekayo le datha (efana nemisebenzi yokuhlanganisa izibalo) ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile amapharamitha okuzulazula, njengokuqondisa kanye nendawo.
Indima Yezinzwa Ekuhambeni Okungaqondile
Ukuze kutholakale ukuqondiswa kwamanje (isimo sengqondo) kanye nolwazi lwendawo yento ehambayo, izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezingenayo zisebenzisa isethi yezinzwa ezibalulekile, ezihlanganisa kakhulu ama-accelerometer nama-gyroscope. Lezi zinzwa zilinganisa ijubane le-angular kanye nokusheshisa kwesithwali kufreyimu yokubhekisela engenayo. Idatha bese ihlanganiswa futhi icutshungulwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kutholakale ulwazi lwejubane kanye nesikhundla esihlobene. Ngemva kwalokho, lolu lwazi luguqulwa lube uhlelo lokuhlela ukuzulazula, kanye nedatha yesikhundla sokuqala, okuholela ekunqunyweni kwendawo yamanje yesithwali.
Izimiso Zokusebenza Zezinhlelo Zokuzulazula Ezingasebenzi
Izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezingenazintambo zisebenza njengezinhlelo zokuzulazula zangaphakathi ezizimele, ezivaliwe. Azithembeli ekubuyekezweni kwedatha yangaphandle ngesikhathi sangempela ukulungisa amaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhamba komthwali. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo olulodwa lokuzulazula olungenazintambo lufanelekela imisebenzi yokuzulazula yesikhathi esifushane. Emisebenzini yesikhathi eside, kumele ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokuzulazula, njengezinhlelo zokuzulazula ezisekelwe ku-satellite, ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha angaphakathi aqongelelwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukucasha Kokuhamba Okungaqondile
Kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuzulazula, okuhlanganisa ukuzulazula kwasezulwini, ukuzulazula kwesathelayithi, kanye nokuzulazula ngomsakazo, ukuzulazula okungenazintambo kuvelele njengokuzimela. Akukhiphi izimpawu endaweni yangaphandle futhi akuxhomeki ezintweni zasezulwini noma ezimpawini zangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlelo zokuzulazula okungenazintambo zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokufihlwa, okwenza zibe zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ubumfihlo obukhulu.
Incazelo Esemthethweni Yokuhamba Okungaqondile
I-Inertial Navigation System (INS) iyisistimu yokulinganisa amapharamitha okuzulazula esebenzisa ama-gyroscope nama-accelerometer njengezinzwa. Uhlelo, olusekelwe ekuphumeni kwama-gyroscope, lusungula uhlelo lokuxhumanisa ukuzulazula ngenkathi lusebenzisa ukuphuma kwama-accelerometers ukubala ijubane kanye nendawo yesithwali ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa ukuzulazula.
Izicelo Zokuhamba Okungaguquki
Ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo buthole izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezindaweni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindiza, izindiza, ezolwandle, ukuhlola uphethiloli, i-geodesy, ucwaningo lwe-oceanographic, ukubhoboza i-geological, amarobhothi, kanye nezinhlelo zesitimela. Ngokufika kwezinzwa ze-inertial ezithuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo buye bandisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo embonini yezimoto kanye namadivayisi kagesi ezokwelapha, phakathi kwezinye izinkambu. Lokhu kukhula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kugcizelela indima ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzulazula kwe-inertial ekuhlinzekeni amakhono okuzulazula okunembile kakhulu kanye nokubeka izindawo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ingxenye Eyinhloko Yesiqondiso Esingenasici:I-Gyroscope ye-Fiber Optic
Isingeniso kuma-Gyroscope e-Fiber Optic
Izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezingenayo i-inertial zithembele kakhulu ekunembeni nasekuqondeni kwezingxenye zazo eziyinhloko. Enye ingxenye enjalo eye yathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono alezi zinhlelo yi-Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG). I-FOG iyinzwa ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni ijubane le-angular lenkampani ngokunemba okuphawulekayo.
Ukusebenza kwe-Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Ama-FOG asebenza ngesimiso somphumela we-Sagnac, ohilela ukuhlukanisa umsebe we-laser ube yizindlela ezimbili ezihlukene, okuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngezindlela eziphambene nge-fiber optic loop ehlanganisiwe. Lapho umthwali, ohlanganiswe ne-FOG, ejikeleza, umehluko wesikhathi sokuhamba phakathi kwemisebe emibili ulingana nejubane le-angular lokujikeleza komthwali. Lokhu kubambezeleka kwesikhathi, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukushintsha kwesigaba se-Sagnac, kulinganiswa ngokunembile, okuvumela i-FOG ukuthi inikeze idatha enembile mayelana nokujikeleza komthwali.
Isimiso se-fiber optic gyroscope sihilela ukukhipha ukukhanya okuvela ku-photodetector. Lo msebe wokukhanya udlula ku-coupler, ungena usuka kolunye uhlangothi bese uphuma kolunye. Ube usuhamba nge-optical loop. Imisebe emibili yokukhanya, evela ezindleleni ezahlukene, ingena ku-loop bese iqedela i-superposition ehambisanayo ngemva kokujikeleza. Ukukhanya okubuyayo kungena kabusha ku-light-emitting diode (LED), esetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla ayo. Nakuba isimiso se-fiber optic gyroscope singase sibonakale silula, inselele enkulu isekususeni izici ezithinta ubude bendlela yokukhanya yemisebe emibili yokukhanya. Lena enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fiber optic gyroscopes.
1: i-diode ye-superluminescent 2: i-diode ye-photodetector
3. isixhumi somthombo wokukhanya 4.i-fiber ring coupler 5. indandatho yefayibha ye-optical
Izinzuzo ze-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes
Ama-FOG anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezenza abe usizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuzulazula ezingenayo i-inertial. Ayaziwa ngokunemba kwawo okumangalisayo, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuqina. Ngokungafani nama-gyros omshini, ama-FOG awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo, okunciphisa ingozi yokuguguleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amelana nokushaqeka nokudlidliza, okwenza abe yindawo efanele ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu njengezindiza nezinhlelo zokuzivikela.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-Gyroscope e-Fiber Optic ekuzulazuleni okungenayo i-Inertial
Izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezingenayo i-Inertial ziya ngokuya zifaka ama-FOG ngenxa yokunemba kwazo okuphezulu nokuthembeka. La ma-gyroscope ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezibalulekile zejubane le-angular ezidingekayo ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile ukuqondiswa kanye nendawo. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-FOG ezinhlelweni zokuzulazula ezingenayo i-Inertial ezikhona, opharetha bangazuza ekuthuthukisweni kokunemba kokuzulazula, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukunemba okukhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes ekuzulazuleni okungenayo i-Inertial
Ukufakwa kwama-FOG kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuzulazula ezingenayo i-inertial kuzo zonke izizinda ezahlukahlukene. Ezindiza kanye nezindiza, izinhlelo ezifakwe i-FOG zinikeza izixazululo zokuzulazula ezinembile zezindiza, ama-drone, kanye nezindiza zasemkhathini. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu nasekuzulazuleni olwandle, ocwaningweni lwe-geological, kanye namarobhothi athuthukile, okwenza lezi zinhlelo zisebenze ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuthembeka.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zesakhiwo Se-Fiber Optic Gyroscopes
Ama-gyroscope e-fiber optic afika ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwakha, kanti eyinhloko okwamanje ingena emkhakheni wobunjiniyela yi-i-gyroscope ye-fiber optic egcina i-polarization evaliwe. Enhliziyweni yale gyroscope kukhonailuphu yefayibha egcina i-polarisation, equkethe imicu egcina i-polarization kanye nohlaka oluklanywe kahle. Ukwakhiwa kwale ngqimba kuhilela indlela yokugoqa ephindwe kane, ehambisana nejeli yokuvala ehlukile ukuze kwakhiwe ikhoyili ye-fibre loop eqinile.
Izici Eziyinhloko zeI-Fiber Optic G Egcina Ukuhlukaniswa KwezingqimbaI-Coil yonyaka
▶Umklamo Wohlaka Oluyingqayizivele:Ama-loop e-gyroscope anomklamo ohlukile wohlaka oluvumela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu egcina i-polarization kalula.
▶Indlela Yokugoqa Enezinhlangothi Ezine:Indlela yokugoqa enezinhlangothi ezine inciphisa umphumela weShupe, iqinisekisa ukulinganisa okunembile nokuthembekile.
▶Izinto Ezithuthukisiwe Zokuvala Ijeli:Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe zokuvala ijeli, kuhlanganiswe nendlela ehlukile yokwelapha, kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokudlidliza, okwenza lezi zihibe ze-gyroscope zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.
▶ Ukuzinza Kokuhambisana Kokushisa Okuphezulu:Ama-loop e-gyroscope abonisa ukuqina kokuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukunemba ngisho nasezimweni zokushisa ezahlukahlukene.
▶Uhlaka Olulula Olulula:Ama-loop e-gyroscope aklanywe ngohlaka olulula kodwa olulula, okuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula.
▶Inqubo Yokugoqa Eqhubekayo:Inqubo yokugoqa ihlala izinzile, ivumelana nezidingo zama-gyroscope ahlukahlukene e-fiber optic anembile.
Ireferensi
Groves, PD (2008). Isingeniso Sokuzulazula Okungasebenzisi I-Inertial.Ijenali Yokuzulazula, 61(1), 13-28.
U-El-Sheimy, N., Hou, H., & Niu, X. (2019). Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ezingenayo i-inertial zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzulazula: ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu.Ukuzulazula Kwesathelayithi, 1(1), 1-15.
Woodman, OJ (2007). Isingeniso sokuzulazula kwe-inertial.IYunivesithi yaseCambridge, iLabhorethri Yekhompyutha, i-UCAM-CL-TR-696.
UChatila, R., kanye noLaumond, JP (1985). Ukubhekisela ezikhundleni kanye nokumodela umhlaba okuqhubekayo kwamarobhothi eselula.Ezindabeni zeNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke ye-IEEE ka-1985 mayelana namaRobhothi kanye nokuZenzekela(Umqulu 2, amakhasi 138-145). IEEE.
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