Ingemuva le-LiDAR Yezimoto
Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, izwe likhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningana ezihlobene, ezigxile 'izimoto ezixhunyiwe ezihlakaniphile'futhi'izimoto ezizimele'. Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, iSizwe sakhipha izinhlelo ezimbili: I-Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Development Strategy kanye ne-Automobile Driving Automation Classification, ukuze kucaciswe isimo samasu kanye nesiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo sokuthuthukiswa kokushayela ngokuzibusa.
I-Yole Development, inkampani yezokubonisana emhlabeni wonke, ishicilele umbiko wocwaningo lwemboni ohlotshaniswa ne-'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', iveze ukuthi imakethe ye-lidar emkhakheni Wezimoto ingafinyelela ku-5.7 billion wamadola aseMelika ngo-2026, kulindeleke ukuthi le nhlanganisela yonyaka. izinga lokukhula lingakhula libe ngaphezu kwama-21% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Iyini i-Automotive LiDAR?
I-LiDAR, efushanisa i-Light Detection and Ranging, iwubuchwepheshe obushintshashintshayo obuguqule imboni yezimoto, ikakhulukazi endaweni yezimoto ezizimele. Isebenza ngokukhipha ama-pulses okukhanya—imvamisa kusuka ku-laser—kuye lapho kuqondiwe khona kanye nokulinganisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kuphindele emuva kwinzwa. Le datha bese isetshenziselwa ukudala amamephu anezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinemininingwane yendawo ezungeze imoto.
Amasistimu e-LiDAR adume ngokunemba nekhono lawo lokubona izinto ngokunemba okuphezulu, okuzenza zibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokushayela ukuzimela. Ngokungafani namakhamera athembele ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo futhi angazabalaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile njengokukhanya okuphansi noma ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinzwa ze-LiDAR zinikeza idatha ethembekile ekukhanyeni okuhlukahlukene nezimo zezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono le-LiDAR lokulinganisa amabanga ngokunembile livumela ukutholwa kwezinto, usayizi wazo, kanye nesivinini sazo, okubalulekile ekuzuleni izimo zokushayela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ishadi Lokugeleza Kwesimiso Se-LiDAR
Izicelo ze-LiDAR ku-Automation:
Ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) embonini yezimoto bugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kokushayela kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obuyisisekelo,Isikhathi Sendiza (ToF), isebenza ngokukhipha ama-laser pulses nokubala isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze lawa ma-pulses abonakale emumva kuzithiyo. Le ndlela ikhiqiza idatha ye-"point cloud" enembe kakhulu, engakha amamephu anezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinemininingwane yendawo ezungezile imoto ngokunemba ngeleveli yesentimitha, enikeza amandla okuqaphela indawo anembe ngendlela ehlukile ezimotweni.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-LiDAR emkhakheni wezimoto kugxile kakhulu kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Amasistimu Okushayela Okuzenzakalelayo:I-LiDAR ingobunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokufinyelela amazinga athuthukile okushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ibona ngokunembile indawo ezungezile imoto, okuhlanganisa nezinye izimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, izimpawu zomgwaqo, nezimo zomgwaqo, ngaleyo ndlela isize izinhlelo zokushayela ezizimele ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinembile.
Amasistimu Osizo Oluthuthukile Lwabashayeli (ADAS):Emkhakheni wosizo lwabashayeli, i-LiDAR isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izici zokuphepha kwemoto, okuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kohambo oluguquguqukayo, ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, nemisebenzi yokugwema izithiyo.
Ukuzulazula nokuma kwemoto:Amamephu anembe kakhulu e-3D akhiqizwe i-LiDAR angathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukunemba kokuma kwemoto, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho amasignali e-GPS elinganiselwe.
Ukugadwa Nokuphathwa Kwethrafikhi:I-LiDAR ingasetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokuhlaziya ukugeleza kwethrafikhi, isize izinhlelo zethrafikhi yedolobha ekwenzeni kahle ukulawulwa kwesignali nokunciphisa ukuminyana.
Okokuzwa okukude, ukuthola ibanga, i-Automation ne-DTS, njll.
Udinga Ukubonisana Kwamahhala?
Amathrendi abheke ku-Automotive LiDAR
1. I-LiDAR Miniaturization
Umbono wendabuko wemboni yezimoto ugomela ukuthi izimoto ezizimele akumele zehluke ngokubukeka ezimotweni ezijwayelekile ukuze zilondoloze ubumnandi bokushayela kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic. Lo mbono uqhubekisele phambili umkhuba wokwenza ama-miniaturizing systems ze-LiDAR. Ikusasa elihle ukuthi i-LiDAR ibe yincane ngokwanele ukuthi ihlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo emzimbeni wemoto. Lokhu kusho ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda izingxenye eziphendukayo zemishini, inguquko eqondana nokusuka kancane kancane komkhakha ezinhlakeni zamanje ze-laser kuya ezixazululweni ze-LiDAR zezwe eliqinile. I-Solid-state LiDAR, engenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, inikeza isixazululo esihlangene, esithembekile, nesihlala isikhathi eside esilingana kahle nezidingo zobuhle nokusebenza kwezimoto zesimanje.
2. Izixazululo ze-LiDAR ezishumekiwe
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo buthuthukile eminyakeni yamuva nje, abanye abakhiqizi be-LiDAR sebeqalile ukusebenzisana nabaphakeli bezingxenye zezimoto ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezihlanganisa i-LiDAR ezingxenyeni zemoto, njengezibani zangaphambili. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akusizi nje kuphela ukufihla amasistimu e-LiDAR, ukugcina ukukhanga kobuhle bemoto, kodwa futhi kusebenzisa ukubekwa kwamasu ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhakha wokubuka nokusebenza kwe-LiDAR. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, imisebenzi ethile ye-Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) idinga i-LiDAR ukuthi igxile kuma-engeli athile kunokuba inikeze ukubuka okungu-360°. Nokho, kumazinga aphezulu okuzimela, njengeZinga lesi-4, ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kudinga inkambu yokubuka evundlile engu-360°. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekucushweni kwamaphuzu amaningi okuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okugcwele kwemoto.
3.Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR buvuthwa kanye nezikali zokukhiqiza, izindleko ziyehla, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlelo kuhlu olubanzi lwezimoto, okuhlanganisa amamodeli aphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngentando yeningi kobuchwepheshe be-LiDAR kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukwamukelwa kokuphepha okuthuthukile nezici zokushayela ezizimele emakethe yezimoto.
Ama-LIDAR emakethe namuhla iningi lama-LIDAR angu-905nm kanye ne-1550nm/1535nm, kodwa ngokwezindleko, i-905nm inenzuzo.
· 905nm LiDAR: Ngokuvamile, amasistimu we-905nm LiDAR abiza kancane ngenxa yokutholakala kabanzi kwezingxenye kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivuthiwe ezihambisana nalobu bude beza. Le nzuzo yezindleko yenza i-905nm LiDAR ikhange ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ububanzi nokuphepha kwamehlo kungabalulekile kangako.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Izingxenye zesistimu ye-1550/1535nm, njengama-laser nezitholi, zivame ukubiza kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe abusakazeki kakhulu futhi izingxenye ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza zingathethelela izindleko eziphezulu zezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ekushayeleni ukuzimela lapho ukutholwa nokuphepha kwebanga elide kubaluleke kakhulu.
[Isixhumanisi:Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-905nm ne-1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Ukuphepha Okukhulisiwe kanye ne-ADAS Ethuthukisiwe
Ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR buthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), ihlinzeka ngezimoto ngamakhono anembile okwenza imephu yendawo. Lokhu kunemba kuthuthukisa izici zokuphepha ezifana nokugwema ukungqubuzana, ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, nokulawulwa kohambo olushintshashintshayo, okusondeza imboni ekuzuzeni ukushayela okuzihambela ngokugcwele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ezimotweni, izinzwa ze-LIDAR zikhipha ama-pulses alula agxumayo ezintweni futhi abuyele kunzwa. Isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ama-pulses abuye sisetshenziselwa ukubala ibanga lezinto. Lolu lwazi lusiza ukudala imephu enemininingwane ye-3D yendawo ezungezile yemoto.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezimoto lwe-LIDAR luqukethe i-laser ukuze ikhiphe ama-pulses alula, isikena nezindlela zokubona ukuze ziqondise ama-pulses, isithwebuli sezithombe ukuze sithwebule ukukhanya okubonisiwe, kanye neyunithi yokucubungula ukuze ihlaziye idatha futhi idale ukumelwa kwemvelo kwe-3D.
Yebo, i-LIDAR ingakwazi ukubona izinto ezihambayo. Ngokulinganisa ushintsho endaweni yezinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-LIDAR ingakwazi ukubala isivinini sazo kanye ne-trajectory.
I-LIDAR ididiyelwe ezinhlelweni zokuphepha kwezimoto ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezifana nokulawula uhambo lokuhamba, ukugwema ukushayisana, nokutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo ngokunikeza izilinganiso zebanga ezinembile nezithembekile kanye nokutholwa kwento.
Intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezimoto be-LIDAR ihlanganisa ukunciphisa usayizi nezindleko zezinhlelo ze-LIDAR, ukwandisa ububanzi nokulungiswa kwazo, nokuzihlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezimoto.
[isixhumanisi:Amapharamitha angukhiye we-LIDAR Laser]
I-1.5μm pulsed fiber laser iwuhlobo lomthombo we-laser osetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-LIDAR zezimoto ezikhipha ukukhanya kubude begagasi obungu-1.5 micrometers (μm). Ikhiqiza ama-pulses amafushane okukhanya kwe-infrared asetshenziselwa ukukala amabanga ngokugxuma ezintweni futhi abuyele kunzwa ye-LIDAR.
I-wavelength engu-1.5μm isetshenziswa ngoba inikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokuphepha kwamehlo nokungena komkhathi. Ama-laser kulolu chungechunge lwamaza mancane amathuba okuba abangele ukulimala kwamehlo abantu kunalawo aphuma ngamaza amafushane futhi angenza kahle ezimweni zezulu ezihlukahlukene.
Nakuba ama-lasers angu-1.5μm enza kangcono kunokukhanya okubonakalayo enkungu nasemvuleni, amandla awo okungena izithiyo zomoya lisalinganiselwe. Ukusebenza ezimeni zesimo sezulu esingesihle ngokuvamile kungcono kunama-laser amaza amaza amafushane kodwa akuphumelelanga njengezinketho zamaza amaza amade.
Nakuba i-1.5μm pulsed fiber lasers ekuqaleni ingase yenyuse izindleko zezinhlelo ze-LIDAR ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuyinkimbinkimbi, intuthuko kwezokukhiqiza kanye nezomnotho wesilinganiso kulindeleke ukuthi zehlise izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinzuzo zabo mayelana nokusebenza nokuphepha zibonakala zithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali.Ukusebenza okuphezulu nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezihlinzekwa ama-laser fiber pulsed fibre angu-1.5μm ziwenza utshalomali oluzuzisayo lwezinhlelo zezimoto ze-LIDAR..