Ingemuva le-LiDAR Yezimoto
Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, izwe likhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningana ezihlobene, ezigxile ku-'izimoto ezixhunyiwe ezihlakaniphile' kanye 'izimoto ezizimeleEkuqaleni kuka-2020, iSizwe sakhipha izinhlelo ezimbili: Isu Lokusungula Nokuthuthukisa Izimoto Ezihlakaniphile kanye Nokuhlukaniswa Kwezimoto Ezizenzakalelayo, ukuze kucaciswe isikhundla samasu kanye nesiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo sokushayela ngokuzimela.
I-Yole Development, inkampani yokubonisana emhlabeni wonke, ishicilele umbiko wocwaningo lwemboni oluhlobene ne-'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', iveze ukuthi imakethe ye-lidar emkhakheni wezimoto ingafinyelela amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.7 ngo-2026, kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lingakhula lifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-21% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Kuyini i-Automotive LiDAR?
I-LiDAR, isifinyezo se-Light Detection and Ranging, ubuchwepheshe obushintshayo obushintshe imboni yezimoto, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimoto ezizimele. Isebenza ngokukhipha ama-pulse okukhanya—ngokuvamile kusuka ku-laser—kuya endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo futhi ilinganise isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kubuyele emuva kusensa. Le datha isetshenziselwa ukudala amamephu anemininingwane amathathu endawo ezungeze imoto.
Izinhlelo ze-LiDAR zaziwa ngokunemba kwazo kanye nekhono lokuthola izinto ngokunemba okuphezulu, okwenza zibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokushayela ngokuzimela. Ngokungafani namakhamera athembele ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo futhi angabhekana nezimo ezithile njengokukhanya okuphansi noma ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinzwa ze-LiDAR zinikeza idatha ethembekile ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhanya kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono le-LiDAR lokukala amabanga ngokunembile livumela ukutholakala kwezinto, usayizi wazo, ngisho nesivinini sazo, okubalulekile ekuqondeni izimo zokushayela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ishadi Lokugeleza Kwesimiso Sokusebenza se-LiDAR
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-LiDAR ku-Automation:
Ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR (Ukuthola Ukukhanya Nokulinganisa) embonini yezimoto bugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kokushayela kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushayela obuzimele. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obuyinhloko,Isikhathi Sokundiza (ToF), isebenza ngokukhipha ama-laser pulse nokubala isikhathi esithathayo ukuze la ma-pulse abonakale emuva kusuka ezinkingeni. Le ndlela ikhiqiza idatha "yefu lamaphuzu" enembile kakhulu, engadala amamephu anemininingwane amathathu endawo ezungeze imoto ngokunemba kwezinga lamasentimitha, enikeza ikhono lokubona indawo elinembile kakhulu lezimoto.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-LiDAR emkhakheni wezimoto kugxile kakhulu kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Izinhlelo Zokushayela Ezizimele:I-LiDAR ingenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zokufinyelela amazinga athuthukile okushayela ngokuzimela. Ibona kahle indawo ezungeze imoto, okuhlanganisa nezinye izimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, izimpawu zomgwaqo, kanye nezimo zomgwaqo, ngaleyo ndlela isiza izinhlelo zokushayela ngokuzimela ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinembile.
Izinhlelo Zokusiza Abashayeli Ezithuthukisiwe (i-ADAS):Emsebenzini wokusiza abashayeli, i-LiDAR isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izici zokuphepha kwezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukulawula ukuhamba ngesikebhe okuguquguqukayo, ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nemisebenzi yokugwema izithiyo.
Ukuzulazula Nokubeka Imoto:Amamephu e-3D anembe kakhulu akhiqizwe yi-LiDAR angathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokubekwa kwezimoto, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho izimpawu ze-GPS zilinganiselwe khona.
Ukuqapha Nokuphatha Ithrafikhi:I-LiDAR ingasetshenziswa ukuqapha nokuhlaziya ukuhamba kwethrafikhi, isize izinhlelo zethrafikhi yedolobha ekwenzeni ngcono ukulawulwa kwesignali nokunciphisa ukuminyana.
Kokubona kude, ukuthola ububanzi, ukuzenzekela kanye ne-DTS, njll.
Udinga Ukubonisana Kwamahhala?
Amathrendi Aqondene Nezimoto ze-LiDAR
1. I-LiDAR Miniaturization
Umbono wendabuko wemboni yezimoto uthi izimoto ezizimelayo akufanele zihluke ngokubukeka kwezimoto ezivamile ukuze zilondoloze injabulo yokushayela kanye ne-aerodynamics esebenza kahle. Lo mbono uqhubekisele phambili ukuthambekela kokwenza izinhlelo ze-LiDAR zibe zincane. Inhloso yesikhathi esizayo ukuthi i-LiDAR ibe ncane ngokwanele ukuthi ihlanganiswe kahle emzimbeni wemoto. Lokhu kusho ukunciphisa noma ngisho nokususa izingxenye ezijikelezayo zemishini, ushintsho oluhambisana nokushintsha kancane kancane kwemboni kusuka ezakhiweni ze-laser zamanje kuya kwizixazululo ze-LiDAR eziqinile. I-LiDAR ezinzile, engenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, inikeza ikhambi elincane, elithembekile, nelihlala isikhathi eside elifanelana kahle nezidingo zobuhle nokusebenza kwezimoto zanamuhla.
2. Izixazululo ze-LiDAR Ezifakiwe
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushayela obuzimele buthuthuke eminyakeni yamuva nje, abanye abakhiqizi be-LiDAR sebeqalile ukusebenzisana nabaphakeli bezingxenye zezimoto ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezihlanganisa i-LiDAR ezingxenyeni zemoto, njengezibani zangaphambili. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akugcini nje ngokufihla izinhlelo ze-LiDAR, kugcina ukubukeka kwemoto kukhanga, kodwa futhi kusebenzisa indawo ehlelekile yokwenza ngcono umbono nokusebenza kwe-LiDAR. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, imisebenzi ethile ye-Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) idinga i-LiDAR ukuthi igxile ema-engeli athile kunokunikeza umbono ongu-360°. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube namazinga aphezulu okuzimela, njengeZinga lesi-4, ukucabangela ukuphepha kudinga umbono ovundlile ongu-360°. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekulungiselelweni kwamaphuzu amaningi okuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okugcwele okuzungeze imoto.
3.Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR bukhula futhi kukhiqizwa kahle, izindleko ziyehla, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka lezi zinhlelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimoto, kufaka phakathi amamodeli aphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kulawulwa kwentando yeningi kobuchwepheshe be-LiDAR kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukwamukelwa kwezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokushayela ngokuzimela emakethe yezimoto.
Ama-LIDAR asemakethe namuhla ikakhulukazi angama-905nm kanye nama-1550nm/1535nm ama-LIDAR, kodwa ngokwezindleko, i-905nm inenzuzo.
· 905nm LiDAR: Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo ze-905nm LiDAR zishibhile ngenxa yokutholakala kabanzi kwezingxenye kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivuthiwe ezihambisana naleli wavelength. Le nzuzo yezindleko yenza i-905nm LiDAR ikhange ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ububanzi kanye nokuphepha kwamehlo kungabalulekile kangako.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Izingxenye zezinhlelo ze-1550/1535nm, njenge-laser kanye ne-detectors, zivame ukubiza kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngoba ubuchwepheshe abusabalele kangako futhi izingxenye ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ngokuphepha nokusebenza zingase zivumele izindleko eziphakeme zezinhlelo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ekushayeleni okuzenzakalelayo lapho ukutholwa nokuphepha okude kubaluleke kakhulu.
[Isixhumanisi:Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-905nm ne-1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe kanye ne-ADAS Ethuthukisiwe
Ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR buthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), buhlinzeka ngezimoto ngamakhono aqondile okumapha imvelo. Lokhu kunemba kuthuthukisa izici zokuphepha njengokugwema ukushayisana, ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nokulawula ukuhamba ngesikebhe okuguquguqukayo, okusunduza imboni eduze kokufinyelela ukushayela okuzimela ngokugcwele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ezimotweni, izinzwa ze-LIDAR zikhipha ama-pulse okukhanya agxuma ezintweni bese ebuyela ku-sensor. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi ama-pulse abuye sisetshenziselwa ukubala ibanga lezinto. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekudaleni imephu eningiliziwe ye-3D yendawo ezungezile imoto.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezimoto lwe-LIDAR luqukethe i-laser yokukhipha ama-pulse okukhanya, iskena kanye ne-optics yokuqondisa ama-pulse, i-photodetector yokuthwebula ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kanye neyunithi yokucubungula ukuhlaziya idatha nokudala ukumelwa kwemvelo kwe-3D.
Yebo, i-LIDAR ingakwazi ukubona izinto ezihambayo. Ngokulinganisa ushintsho endaweni yezinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-LIDAR ingakwazi ukubala isivinini sazo kanye nomzila wazo.
I-LIDAR ihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuphepha kwezimoto ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezifana nokulawula ukuhamba ngesikebhe okuguquguqukayo, ukugwema ukushayisana, kanye nokutholakala kwabahamba ngezinyawo ngokunikeza izilinganiso zebanga ezinembile nezithembekile kanye nokutholakala kwezinto.
Intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezimoto i-LIDAR ihlanganisa ukunciphisa usayizi kanye nezindleko zezinhlelo ze-LIDAR, ukwandisa ububanzi bazo kanye nesisombululo sazo, kanye nokuzihlanganisa kalula ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezimoto.
[isixhumanisi:Amapharamitha Abalulekile e-LIDAR Laser]
I-laser ye-pulsed fiber engu-1.5μm uhlobo lomthombo we-laser osetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-LIDAR zezimoto okhipha ukukhanya kubude be-wavelength obuyi-1.5 micrometer (μm). Ikhiqiza ama-pulse amafushane okukhanya kwe-infrared asetshenziselwa ukukala amabanga ngokugxuma ezintweni bese ebuyela ku-sensor ye-LIDAR.
Ubude be-wavelength obuyi-1.5μm busetshenziswa ngoba bunikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokuphepha kwamehlo nokungena komoya. Ama-laser akulolu hlu lwama-wavelength cishe awabangeli umonakalo emehlweni abantu kunalawo akhipha ama-wavelength amafushane futhi angenza kahle ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Nakuba ama-laser angu-1.5μm esebenza kangcono kunokukhanya okubonakalayo enkungwini nasemvuleni, ikhono lawo lokungena ezinkingeni zomkhathi lisalinganiselwe. Ukusebenza ezimweni zezulu ezimbi ngokuvamile kungcono kune-laser yama-wavelength amafushane kodwa akuphumelelanga njengezinketho ze-wavelength ende.
Nakuba ama-laser e-fiber avunguziwe angu-1.5μm ekuqaleni angase anyuse izindleko zezinhlelo ze-LIDAR ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuyinkimbinkimbi, intuthuko ekukhiqizeni kanye nomnotho wezinga kulindeleke ukuthi inciphise izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinzuzo zawo maqondana nokusebenza kanye nokuphepha zibhekwa njengezithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezinikezwa ama-laser e-fiber avunguziwe angu-1.5μm kuzenza zibe utshalomali olufanele ezinhlelweni zezimoto ze-LIDAR..