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Ama-laser, itshe eliyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe besimanje, ayathakazelisa njengoba eyinkimbinkimbi. Enhliziyweni yawo kukhona ukuhlangana kwezingxenye ezisebenza ndawonye ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okuhlangene nokukhulisiwe. Le bhulogi ihlola ubunzima balezi zingxenye, isekelwa yizimiso zesayensi kanye nezibalo, ukuze inikeze ukuqonda okujulile kobuchwepheshe be-laser.

Ukuqonda Okuthuthukisiwe Ngezingxenye Zesistimu Ye-Laser: Umbono Wezobuchwepheshe Wochwepheshe

Ingxenye	Umsebenzi	Izibonelo
Inzuzo Ephakathi	I-gain medium iyinto esetshenziswa ku-laser esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukukhanya. Isiza ekukhuliseni ukukhanya ngenqubo yokuguqulwa kwabantu kanye nokukhishwa okukhuthazwayo. Ukukhetha i-gain medium kunquma izici zomsebe we-laser.	Ama-Laser Esimo Esiqinile: isib., i-Nd:YAG (i-Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), esetshenziswa kwezokwelapha nasezimbonini.Ama-Laser egesi: isib., ama-laser e-CO2, asetshenziselwa ukusika nokushisela.Ama-Laser e-Semiconductor:isib. ama-laser diode, asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber optics kanye nezikhombisi ze-laser.
Umthombo Wokupompa	Umthombo wokupompa unikeza amandla endaweni yokuzuza amandla ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwenani labantu (umthombo wamandla wokuguqulwa kwenani labantu), okuvumela ukusebenza nge-laser.	Ukupompa Okubonakalayo: Ukusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya enamandla njengezibani ezikhanyayo ukupompa ama-laser aqinile.Ukupompa kukagesi: Ukuvusa igesi kuma-laser egesi ngokusebenzisa ugesi.Ukupompa kwe-semiconductor: Ukusebenzisa ama-diode e-laser ukupompa i-solid-state laser medium.
Umgodi Obonakalayo	I-optical cavity, equkethe izibuko ezimbili, ibonisa ukukhanya ukuze kwandiswe ubude bendlela yokukhanya endaweni yokuzuza, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukukhulisa ukukhanya. Inikeza indlela yokuphendula yokukhulisa nge-laser, ikhetha izici ze-spectral nezendawo zokukhanya.	Umgodi Weplanethi-Iplanethi: Kusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwelabhorethri, isakhiwo esilula.Umgodi Ogobile Oyi-Planar: Kuvamile kuma-laser ezimboni, kunikeza imisebe yekhwalithi ephezulu. Umgodi Wendandatho: Kusetshenziswa emiklamo ethile yama-ring lasers, njenge-ring gas lasers.

I-Gain Medium: I-Nexus ye-Quantum Mechanics kanye ne-Optical Engineering

Ama-Quantum Dynamics ku-Gain Medium

I-gain medium yilapho inqubo eyisisekelo yokukhulisa ukukhanya yenzeka khona, into egxile kakhulu ku-quantum mechanics. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezimo zamandla nezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwe-medium kulawulwa yizimiso zokukhishwa okukhuthazwayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwabantu. Ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kokuqina kokukhanya (I), ukuqina kokuqala (I0), isigaba sokuguquka (σ21), kanye nezinombolo zezinhlayiya emazingeni amabili wamandla (N2 kanye no-N1) kuchazwa yi-equation I = I0e^(σ21(N2-N1)L). Ukufeza ukuguqulwa kwabantu, lapho i-N2 > N1, kubalulekile ekukhuliseni futhi kuyitshe lesisekelo le-laser physics[1].

Izinhlelo Zezinga Elithathu vs. Ezingamazinga Amane

Emiklamo ye-laser esebenzayo, izinhlelo ezinamazinga amathathu kanye namazinga amane zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izinhlelo ezinamazinga amathathu, nakuba zilula, zidinga amandla engeziwe ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwabantu njengoba izinga le-laser eliphansi liyisimo somhlaba. Izinhlelo ezinamazinga amane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinikeza indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuguqulwa kwabantu ngenxa yokubola okusheshayo okungenamisebe kusuka ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla, okwenza zivame kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-laser yesimanje[2].

Is Ingilazi efakwe i-Erbiumindlela yokuthola inzuzo?

Yebo, ingilazi efakwe i-erbium empeleni iwuhlobo lwendlela yokuthola inzuzo esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-laser. Kulo mongo, "ukusebenzisa i-doping" kubhekisela enkambisweni yokwengeza inani elithile lama-ion e-erbium (Er³⁺) engilazini. I-Erbium iyinto yomhlaba engavamile, lapho ifakwa ku-host yengilazi, ingakhulisa ukukhanya ngempumelelo ngokukhishwa okuvuselelwe, inqubo eyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwe-laser.

Ingilazi efakwe i-Erbium iphawuleka kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-fiber lasers kanye nama-fiber amplifiers, ikakhulukazi embonini yezokuxhumana. Ifaneleka kahle kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngoba ikhulisa kahle ukukhanya kuma-wavelengths azungeze u-1550 nm, okuwububanzi obuyisihluthulelo bokuxhumana kwe-optical fiber ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwayo okuphansi kuma-fiber ajwayelekile e-silica.

Ii-erbiumama-ion amunca ukukhanya kwephampu (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-i-laser diode) futhi bajabule ngezimo zamandla aphezulu. Uma bebuyela esimweni samandla aphansi, bakhipha ama-photon ku-lasing wavelength, okufaka isandla enqubweni ye-laser. Lokhu kwenza ingilazi efakwe i-erbium ibe yindawo yokuzuza ephumelelayo nesetshenziswa kabanzi emiklamo ehlukahlukene ye-laser kanye ne-amplifier.

Amabhulogi Ahlobene: Izindaba - Ingilazi Ene-Erbium Doped: Isayensi Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza

Izindlela Zokupompa: Amandla Aqhubayo Asebenzisa Ama-Laser

Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokufinyelela Ukuguqulwa Kwabantu

Ukukhetha indlela yokupompa kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-laser, kuthonya yonke into kusukela ekusebenzeni kahle kuya kubude be-wavelength yokukhipha. Ukupompa okubonakalayo, kusetshenziswa imithombo yokukhanya yangaphandle njenge-flashlamp noma amanye ama-laser, kuvamile kuma-laser aqinile kanye nama-dye. Izindlela zokukhipha ugesi zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-laser egesi, kuyilapho ama-laser e-semiconductor evame ukusebenzisa umjovo we-electron. Ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zindlela zokupompa, ikakhulukazi kuma-laser aqinile acindezelwe yi-diode, kube yinto ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwamuva, enikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokuqina.3].

Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngobuchwepheshe Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kokupompa

Ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokupompa kuyisici esibalulekile sokuklama i-laser, okuthinta ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nokufaneleka kokusetshenziswa. Kuma-laser aqinile, ukukhetha phakathi kwezibani ezikhanyayo nama-diode e-laser njengomthombo wephampu kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, umthwalo wokushisa, kanye nekhwalithi ye-beam. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-diode e-laser anamandla aphezulu, asebenza kahle kakhulu kushintshe izinhlelo ze-laser ze-DPSS, okwenza kube lula ukuklama okufushane nokusebenza kahle kakhulu[4].

Umgodi Wokubona: Ubunjiniyela Bomsebe We-Laser

Umklamo Wezimbobo: Umthetho Wokulinganisela Wefiziksi Nobunjiniyela

I-optical cavity, noma i-resonator, akuyona nje into engenzi lutho kodwa ingumhlanganyeli osebenzayo ekubumbeni umsebe we-laser. Ukwakheka kwe-cavity, okuhlanganisa ukugoba nokuqondana kwezibuko, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuzinza, isakhiwo semodi, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-laser. I-cavity kumele iklanywe ukuze ithuthukise inzuzo ye-optical ngenkathi inciphisa ukulahlekelwa, inselele ehlanganisa ubunjiniyela be-optical ne-wave optics.5.

Izimo Zokuguquguquka Nokukhethwa Kwemodi

Ukuze kwenzeke ukuzulazula kwe-laser, inzuzo enikezwa yi-medium kumele idlule ukulahlekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-cavity. Lesi simo, kanye nesidingo se-coherent wave superposition, sinquma ukuthi kusekelwa izindlela ezithile ze-longitudinal kuphela. Isikhala semodi kanye nesakhiwo semodi iyonke kuthonywa ubude obubonakalayo be-cavity kanye ne-refractive index ye-gain medium[6].

Isiphetho

Umklamo nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-laser kuhlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bezimiso zefiziksi nobunjiniyela. Kusukela ku-quantum mechanics elawula i-gain medium kuya kubunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi be-optical cavity, ingxenye ngayinye yesistimu ye-laser idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo konke. Lesi sihloko sinikeze umbono wezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe be-laser, sinikeza ukuqonda okuvumelana nokuqonda okuthuthukile koprofesa nonjiniyela be-optical emkhakheni.

Isicelo Se-Laser Esihlobene

Imikhiqizo Ehlobene

I-Diode Pumped Solid State Laser

Phakamisa ucwaningo lwakho kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngochungechunge lwethu lwe-Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers (DPSS). Lawa ma-laser, ahlonyiswe ngamakhono okupompa amandla aphezulu, ikhwalithi yokukhanya eyingqayizivele, kanye nokuqina okungenakuqhathaniswa, anikeza izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-Laser Diode Array

Uchungechunge lwe-Laser Diode Stacks lutholakala ngama-array avundlile, aqondile, ane-polygon, anendandatho, kanye nama-mini-stacked, ahlanganiswe ndawonye kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-AuSn hard soldering. I-cooling stack ingasetshenziswa ekukhanyiseni, ocwaningweni, ekutholeni kanye nasemithomboni yephampu.

I-Diode ye-Laser Ehlanganisiwe Yefayibha

Ama-laser e-diode ahlanganiswe nge-fibre, akhipha ukukhanya okubushelelezi nokuyindilinga ngekhwalithi yokukhanya okulinganayo, achazwa njengamadivayisi e-laser e-diode ahlanganisa ukukhanya okuvelayo kube yi-optical fibre.

I-Laser Yengilazi Ene-Doped Erbium

I-Erbium-Doped Glass Laser yethu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-1535nm Eye-Safe Er Glass Laser, iphumelela kakhulu ekutholeni i-rangefinders ephephile emehlweni. Inikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile nokungabizi kakhulu, ikhipha ukukhanya okumuncwa yi-cornea kanye nezakhiwo zamehlo ezikristalu, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-retina.

Izinkomba

1. Siegman, AE (1986). Ama-Lasers. Izincwadi Zesayensi Yenyuvesi.
2. Svelto, O. (2010). Izimiso ze-Laser. ISpringer.
3. Koechner, W. (2006). Ubunjiniyela beLaser obuqinile. ISpringer.
4. Piper, JA, & Mildren, RP (2014). Ama-Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers. Ku-Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications (Umqulu III). I-CRC Press.
5. Milonni, PW, kanye no-Eberly, JH (2010). I-Laser Physics. Wiley.
6. Silfvast, WT (2004). Isisekelo seLaser. Cambridge University Press.

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2023

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko ze-laser: I-Gain Medium, Umthombo Wephampu, kanye ne-Optical Cavity.