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Izinzwa ze-Airborne LiDARIngakwazi ukuthwebula amaphuzu athile kusuka ku-laser pulse, eyaziwa ngokuthi izilinganiso zokubuyisa ezihlukile, noma iqophe isignali ephelele njengoba ibuya, ebizwa ngokuthi i-full-waveform, ngezikhathi ezihleliwe njenge-1 ns (ehlanganisa cishe u-15 cm). I-Full-waveform LiDAR isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezamahlathi, kuyilapho i-discrete return LiDAR inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Lesi sihloko sixoxa kakhulu nge-discrete return LiDAR kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Kulesi sahluko, sizoxoxa ngezihloko eziningana ezibalulekile mayelana ne-LiDAR, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo eziyisisekelo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukunemba kwayo, izinhlelo, kanye nezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
Izingxenye Eziyisisekelo ze-LiDAR
Izinhlelo ze-LiDAR ezisekelwe phansi zivame ukusebenzisa ama-laser anama-wavelength aphakathi kuka-500–600 nm, kuyilapho izinhlelo ze-LiDAR ezisebenzisa umoya zisebenzisa ama-laser anama-wavelength amade, asukela ku-1000–1600 nm. Ukusethwa kwe-LiDAR ejwayelekile eqhutshwa emoyeni kufaka phakathi isithwebuli se-laser, iyunithi yokulinganisa ibanga (iyunithi esukela ebangeni), kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula, ukuqapha, kanye nokurekhoda. Kufaka phakathi ne-Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) kanye ne-Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), evame ukuhlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa olwaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwesikhundla kanye nokuqondisa. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngendawo eqondile (i-longitude, i-latitude, kanye nokuphakama) kanye nedatha yokuqondisa (ukugoqa, iphimbo, kanye nesihloko).
Amaphethini lapho i-laser iskena khona indawo angahluka, kufaka phakathi izindlela ezigobile, ezihambisanayo, noma ezi-elliptical. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha ye-DGPS kanye ne-IMU, kanye nedatha yokulinganisa kanye namapharamitha okufaka, kuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lucubungule ngokunembile amaphuzu e-laser aqoqiwe. Lawa maphuzu abelwa ama-coordinates (x, y, z) ohlelweni lwe-geographic coordinate kusetshenziswa i-World Geodetic System ka-1984 (WGS84) datum.
Indlela i-LiDARUkuzwa OkukudeImisebenziChaza Ngendlela Elula
Uhlelo lwe-LiDAR lukhipha ama-laser pulses asheshayo aqonde entweni noma endaweni eqondiwe.
Ama-pulse e-laser aphuma ethagethini bese ebuyela ku-sensor ye-LiDAR.
Inzwa ilinganisa ngokunembile isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze i-pulse ngayinye iye endaweni eqondiwe futhi ibuyele emuva.
Kusetshenziswa isivinini sokukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba, ibanga eliya endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo liyabalwa.
Kuhlanganiswe nedatha yendawo kanye nokuqondiswa okuvela ezinzwa ze-GPS neze-IMU, kunqunywa izixhumanisi ze-3D ezinembile zokubonakaliswa kwe-laser.
Lokhu kuphumela efwini eliyindilinga le-3D elimele indawo noma into eskeniwe.
Isimiso Somzimba se-LiDAR
Izinhlelo ze-LiDAR zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zama-laser: igagasi eliqhutshwayo kanye negagasi eliqhubekayo. Izinhlelo ze-Pulsed LiDAR zisebenza ngokuthumela i-pulse yokukhanya emfushane bese zilinganisa isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze le pulse iye esiqondisweni bese ibuyela kumukeli. Lokhu kulinganiswa kwesikhathi sokuya nokubuya kusiza ekunqumeni ibanga eliya esiqondisweni. Isibonelo siboniswe kumdwebo lapho kuboniswa khona ubukhulu besiginali yokukhanya esidluliselwe (AT) kanye nesiginali yokukhanya etholiwe (AR). Isibalo esiyisisekelo esisetshenziswa kulesi simiso sihilela isivinini sokukhanya (c) kanye nebanga eliya esiqondisweni (R), okuvumela uhlelo ukubala ibanga ngokusekelwe ekutheni kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukukhanya kubuye.
Ukubuya okuqondile kanye nokulinganisa kwe-full-wave kusetshenziswa i-airborne LiDAR.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-Airborne LiDAR.
Inqubo yokulinganisa ku-LiDAR, ebheka kokubili i-detector kanye nezici ze-target, ifingqwe yi-standard LiDAR equation. Lesi sibalo sithathwe ku-radar equation futhi siyisisekelo ekuqondeni ukuthi izinhlelo ze-LiDAR zibala kanjani amabanga. Sichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla esignali esidluliselwe (Pt) kanye namandla esignali esitholiwe (Pr). Empeleni, lesi sibalo sisiza ukulinganisa ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okudluliselwe okubuyiselwa kumamukeli ngemva kokubonisa i-target, okubalulekile ekunqumeni amabanga nokudala amamephu anembile. Lobu budlelwano bucabangela izici ezifana nokuncipha kwesignali ngenxa yebanga kanye nokusebenzisana nendawo eqondiwe.
Izicelo ze-LiDAR Remote Sensing
Ukuzwa kude kwe-LiDAR kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi emikhakheni eyahlukene:
Ukumapha kwendawo kanye ne-topographic ukudala amamodeli okuphakama kwedijithali anesinqumo esiphezulu (ama-DEM).
Ukuhlela imephu yamahlathi nezitshalo ukuze kufundwe isakhiwo sophahla lwezihlahla kanye ne-biomass.
Ukumapha kogu nolwandle ukuze kuqashwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye noshintsho ezingeni lolwandle.
Ukuhlela amadolobha kanye nokuhlelwa kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo kanye namanethiwekhi ezokuthutha.
Ukubhalwa kwezinto zakudala kanye namagugu amasiko ezindawo zomlando kanye nezinto zobuciko.
Ucwaningo lwe-Geological kanye nezimayini ukuze kwenziwe imephu yezimpawu zomhlaba kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha.
Ukuzulazula kwezimoto ezizimele kanye nokutholwa kwezithiyo.
Ukuhlola amaplanethi, njengokumaka ubuso beMars.
Udinga i-Consulation yamahhala?
Izinsiza ze-LiDAR:
Uhlu olungaphelele lwemithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR kanye nesofthiwe yamahhala lunikezwe ngezansi. Imithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR:
1.Vula i-Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.I-USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.I-United States Interagency Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ isitokwe/
4.Ukuphathwa Kwezwe Lolwandle Nomoya Kazwelonke (NOAA)Ugu lwedijithali https://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.I-Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.I-LiDAR Ku-inthanethihttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Inethiwekhi Kazwelonke Yokubuka Imvelo—i-NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Idatha ye-LiDAR yaseNyakatho yeSpainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Idatha ye-LiDAR ye-United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Isofthiwe ye-LiDAR yamahhala:
1.Kudinga i-ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.I-FugroViewer(ye-LiDAR kanye neminye idatha ye-raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.I-FUSION/LDV(Ukuboniswa kwedatha ye-LiDAR, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokuhlaziywa) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Amathuluzi e-LAS(Ikhodi kanye nesofthiwe yokufunda nokubhala amafayela e-LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.I-LASUtility(Isethi yezinsiza ze-GUI zokubonisa nokuguqula ama-LASfile) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.I-LibLAS(Umtapo wolwazi we-C/C++ wokufunda/ukubhala ifomethi ye-LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.I-MCC-LiDAR(Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-curvature okunezikali eziningi kwe-LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.I-MARS FreeView(Ukuboniswa kwedatha ye-LiDAR nge-3D) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Ukuhlaziya Okugcwele(Isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile yokucubungula nokubona ngeso lengqondo amafu nama-waveform e-LiDARpoint) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Umlingo Wefu Lephuzu (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Isifundi Sendawo Esisheshayo(Ukubona ngeso lengqondo amafu e-LiDAR point) http://applidayimary.com/download/ Amathuluzi esofthiwe engeziwe e-LiDAR angatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-Open Topography ToolRegistry ku-http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Ukubonga
- Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ucwaningo oluvela ku-"LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" nguVinícius Guimarães, 2020. Isihloko esigcwele siyatholakalalapha.
- Lolu hlu oluphelele kanye nencazelo eningiliziwe yemithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR kanye nesofthiwe yamahhala inikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile lochwepheshe nabacwaningi emkhakheni wokuhlola okukude kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindawo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2024