I-Lumispot Inikeza isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nensizakalo yokuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa, egunyazwe yizwe, imboni ethile, i-FDA, nezinhlelo zekhwalithi ze-CE.Ukusabela kwekhasimende okusheshayo nosekelo olusebenzayo lwangemva kokuthengisa.
Bhalisela Imidiya Yethu Yezokuxhumana Ukuze Uthumele Ngokushesha
Izinzwa ze-Airborne LiDARingakwazi ukuthwebula amaphuzu athile ku-laser pulse, eyaziwa ngokuthi izilinganiso zokubuyisa okuhlukile, noma irekhode isignali ephelele njengoba ibuya, ebizwa ngokuthi i-full-waveform, ngezikhathi ezimisiwe njengo-1 ns (ohlanganisa cishe u-15 cm).I-LiDAR ye-waveform egcwele isetshenziswa kakhulu emahlathini, kuyilapho i-LiDAR ebuyayo inezinhlelo ezibanzi kuzo zonke izinkambu ezahlukahlukene.Le ndatshana idingida ngokuyinhloko i-LiDAR yokubuyisela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.Kulesi sahluko, sizohlanganisa izihloko ezimbalwa ezibalulekile mayelana ne-LiDAR, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo eziyisisekelo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukunemba kwayo, izinhlelo, nezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
Izingxenye Eziyisisekelo ze-LiDAR
Amasistimu e-LiDAR asekelwe phansi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-lasers anamaza aphakathi kuka-500–600 nm, kuyilapho amasistimu e-LiDAR esemoyeni asebenzisa ama-laser anobude bamaza amade, asukela ku-1000–1600 nm.Ukusethwa okujwayelekile kwe-LiDAR esemoyeni kufaka isithwebuli se-laser, iyunithi yokulinganisa ibanga (iyunithi yokulinganisa), namasistimu okulawula, ukuqapha, nokurekhoda.Iphinde ihlanganise i-Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) kanye ne-Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), evame ukuhlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa olwaziwa ngokuthi isistimu yokuma nokumayo.Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngendawo enembile (ubude, i-latitude, nokuphakama) kanye nedatha yokuma (roll, pitch, and heading).
Amaphethini lapho i-laser eskena khona indawo angahluka, okuhlanganisa imizila emazombezombe, ehambisanayo, noma e-elliptical.Inhlanganisela yedatha ye-DGPS ne-IMU, kanye nedatha yokulinganisa nemingcele yokukhweza, ivumela isistimu ukuthi icubungule ngokunembile amaphuzu e-laser aqoqiwe.Lawa maphuzu abe esenikezwa izixhumanisi (x, y, z) kusistimu yokuxhumanisa indawo kusetshenziswa idatha ye-World Geodetic System ka-1984 (WGS84).
Kanjani LiDARUkuzwa KukudeIyasebenza?Chaza Ngendlela Elula
Uhlelo lwe-LiDAR lukhipha ama-laser pulses asheshayo abheke entweni okuqondiwe noma endaweni.
Ama-laser pulses akhombisa ngaphandle kwethagethi futhi abuyele kunzwa ye-LiDAR.
Inzwa ikala ngokunembile isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye kuhambe uye kuthagethi nokubuyela emuva.
Kusetshenziswa isivinini sokukhanya nesikhathi sokuhamba, ibanga eliya kulokho okuqondiwe liyabalwa.
Kuhlanganiswe nendawo kanye nedatha yokuma kusuka kuzinzwa ze-GPS ne-IMU, izixhumanisi ezinembayo ze-3D zokuboniswa kwe-laser ziyanqunywa.
Lokhu kubangela ifu lephoyinti eliminyene le-3D elimelela indawo eskeniwe noma into.
Isimiso Somzimba se-LiDAR
Izinhlelo ze-LiDAR zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zama-lasers: i-pulsed kanye ne-wave eqhubekayo.Amasistimu e-Pulsed LiDAR asebenza ngokuthumela ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokukhanya okufushane bese ekala isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze lokhu kushaye kushaye kuhambe kuye kulokho okuqondiwe futhi kubuyele kumamukeli.Lesi silinganiso sesikhathi sokubuya nokubuya sisiza ukunquma ibanga eliya kulokho okuqondiwe.Isibonelo sikhonjiswa kumdwebo lapho ama-amplitudes akho kokubili isignali yokukhanya okudlulisiwe (AT) kanye nesignali yokukhanya eyamukelwe (AR) kuboniswa.Isibalo esiyisisekelo esisetshenziswe kule sistimu sihlanganisa isivinini sokukhanya (c) kanye nebanga eliya kokuqondisiwe (R), okuvumela isistimu ukubala ibanga ngokusekelwe ekutheni kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukukhanya kubuye.
Ukubuya okuhlukile nokulinganisa kwe-waveform egcwele kusetshenziswa i-LiDAR esemoyeni.
Isistimu ye-LiDAR ejwayelekile.
Inqubo yokulinganisa ku-LiDAR, ecabangela kokubili umtshina kanye nezici zethagethi, ifinyezwa ngesibalo esijwayelekile se-LiDAR.Lesi sibalo sithathelwe ku-radar equation futhi ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi amasistimu e-LiDAR abala kanjani amabanga.Ichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla esignali edlulisiwe (Pt) namandla esignali eyamukelwe (Pr).Empeleni, isibalo sisiza ukukala ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okudlulisiwe okubuyiswa kumamukeli ngemva kokubonisa ngaphandle kwethagethi, okubalulekile ekunqumeni amabanga nokudala amamephu anembile.Lobu budlelwano bucabangela izici ezifana nokunciphisa isignali ngenxa yebanga nokusebenzisana nendawo okuqondiwe kuyo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-LiDAR Remote Sensing
Inzwa eyihlane ye-LiDAR inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:
Imephu yezwe kanye ne-topographic yokwakha amamodeli okuphakama kwedijithali anesinqumo esiphezulu (ama-DEM).
Imephu yezamahlathi nezimila ukuze kufundwe ukwakheka kombhede wezihlahla kanye ne-biomass.
Imephu yasogwini nesogwini ukuze kuqashwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nezinguquko zolwandle.
Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kanye nokwenziwa kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo kanye noxhaxha lwezokuthutha.
Imibhalo ye-Archaeology kanye namagugu amasiko ezindawo zomlando nezinto zobuciko.
Izinhlolovo zokuma komhlaba nezezimayini zokudweba izici ezingaphezulu kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha.
Ukuzulazula kwemoto okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokutholwa kwezithiyo.
Ukuhlola iplanethi, njengokwenza imephu ebusweni be-Mars.
Udinga I-Consulation Yamahhala?
Izinsiza ze-LiDAR:
Uhlu olungaphelele lwemithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR nesofthiwe yamahhala inikezwa ngezansi.Imithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR:
1.Vula i-Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.I-USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.I-United States Interagency Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.I-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)I-Digital Coasthttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.I-LiDAR i-intanethihttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.I-National Ecological Observatory Network—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Idatha ye-LiDAR yaseNyakatho yeSpainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Idatha ye-LiDAR yase-United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Isoftware ye-LiDAR yamahhala:
1.Idinga i-ENVI.http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.I-FugroViewer(ye-LiDAR nenye idatha ye-raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.I-FUSION/LDV(Ukubukwa kwedatha ye-LiDAR, ukuguqulwa, nokuhlaziya) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.LAS Amathuluzi(Ikhodi nesofthiwe yokufunda nokubhala amafayela e-LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.I-LASUtility(Iqoqo lezinsiza ze-GUI zokubukwa nokuguqulwa kwama-LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.I-LibLAS(Ilabhulali ye-C/C++ yokufunda/ukubhala ifomethi ye-LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.I-MCC-LiDAR(Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-curvature ngezikali eziningi ze-LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Ukubona nge-3D idatha ye-LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Hlaziya Okugcwele(Isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile yokucubungula nokubona ngeso lengqondo amafu e-LiDARpoint nama-waveforms) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.I-Point Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.I-Quick Terrain Reader(Ukubona ngeso lengqondo amafu ephoyinti le-LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Amathuluzi e-software engeziwe e-LiDAR angatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-Open Topography ToolRegistry kokuthi http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Ukubonga
- Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ucwaningo oluvela kokuthi "I-LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" ka-Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Isihloko esigcwele siyatholakalalapha.
- Lolu hlu olubanzi nencazelo enemininingwane yemithombo yedatha ye-LiDAR kanye nesofthiwe yamahhala inikeza ikhithi yamathuluzi ebalulekile yochwepheshe nabacwaningi emkhakheni wokuzwa okukude nokuhlaziya indawo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-16-2024