Izindaba - Ukubaluleka Kwesu Lama-Lasers Ezicelweni Zokuvikela

Bhalisela Imidiya Yethu Yezokuxhumana Ukuze Uthumele Ngokushesha

Ama-Lasers ayingxenye yezinhlelo zokuvikela, enikeza amakhono izikhali zendabuko ezingenakuwafanisa. Le bhulogi ihlolisisa ukubaluleka kwama-lasers ekuvikeleni, igcizelela ukuguquguquka kwawo, ukunemba, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eyenze yaba insika yesu lezempi lesimanje.

Isingeniso

Ukuqala kobuchwepheshe be-laser kuguqule imikhakha eminingi, okuhlanganisa ezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha, futhi ikakhulukazi, ezokuvikela. Ama-Lasers, anezici zawo eziyingqayizivele zokuhambisana, i-monochromaticity, nokuqina okuphezulu, avule izilinganiso ezintsha emandleni ezempi, ahlinzeka ngokunemba, ubuqili, kanye nokuguquguquka okubaluleke kakhulu kumasu esimanje zempi nokuzivikela.

Ukunemba Nokunemba

Ama-Lasers adume ngokunemba nokunemba kwawo. Ikhono labo lokugxila ezintweni eziqondiwe ezincane emabangeni amade libenza babaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokuqokwa okuqondiwe nokuqondiswa kwemicibisholo. Amasistimu wokukhomba nge-laser anesinqumo esiphezulu aqinisekisa ukulethwa okunembayo kwezikhali, kunciphisa kakhulu ukulimala okubanjiswayo kanye nokuthuthukisa amanani empumelelo yemishini (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

Ukuhlukahluka Kuwo Wonke Amapulatifomu

Ukuvumelana nezimo kwama-lasers kuwo wonke amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene - kusukela kumadivayisi aphathwayo kuya kumasistimu amakhulu agibele izimoto - kugcizelela ukuguquguquka kwawo. Ama-Lasers ahlanganiswe ngempumelelo kumaplathifomu angaphansi, asolwandle, nasemoyeni, asebenza izindima eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuhlola kabusha, ukutholwa okuhlosiwe, kanye nezikhali zamandla eziqondile ngezinjongo zokuhlasela nezokuzivikela. Usayizi wabo ohlangene kanye nekhono lokulungiselelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kwenza ama-lasers abe yinketho evumelana nezimo yokusebenza kokuvikela (Bernatskyi & Sokolovskyi, 2022).

Ukuxhumana Okuthuthukisiwe Nokugada

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisekelwe ku-laser zinikeza izindlela eziphephile neziphumelelayo zokudlulisa ulwazi, olubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezempi. Amathuba aphansi okuvimbela nokutholwa kokuxhumana kwe-laser kuqinisekisa ukushintshana kwedatha okuphephile, ngesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwamayunithi, kukhuphula ukuqwashisa ngezimo nokusebenzisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lasers adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheni nasekuhloleni kabusha, enikeza izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu sokuqoqwa kobuhlakani ngaphandle kokutholwa (Liu et al., 2020).

I-Directed Energy Weapons

Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwama-lasers ekuvikeleni izikhali zamandla eziqondisiwe (DEWs). Ama-Lasers angaletha amandla agxilile kokuthile ukuze ayilimaze noma ayicekele phansi, anikeze amandla okushaya anemba ngomonakalo omncane wokubambisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasistimu e-laser anamandla amakhulu okuvikela imicibisholo, ukucekelwa phansi kwe-drone, kanye nokungakwazi ukusebenza kwezimoto kukhombisa amandla ama-lasers okushintsha isimo sokusebenzisana kwezempi. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwezikhali zendabuko, okuhlanganisa isivinini sokulethwa kokukhanya, izindleko eziphansi zokudubula ngakunye, kanye nekhono lokubandakanya okuhlosiwe okuningi ngokunemba okuphezulu (Zediker, 2022).

Ezinhlelweni zokuvikela, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-laser, ngayinye isebenzela izinjongo ezihlukene zokusebenza ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni zayo ezihlukile kanye namakhono. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamalaser ezinhlelweni zokuvikela:

Izinhlobo Laser Ezisetshenziswa Inkambu Yezokuvikela

I-Solid-State Lasers (SSLs): Lawa ma-laser asebenzisa indawo eqinile yokuzuza, njengengilazi noma izinto ezicwebezelayo ezihlanganiswe nezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba. Ama-SSL asetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhalini ze-laser ezinamandla amakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo aphumayo aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yomgodi. Ziyahlolwa futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela imicibisholo, ukucekelwa phansi kwe-drone, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezikhali zamandla eziqondile (Hecht, 2019).

I-Fiber Lasers: Ama-laser we-fiber asebenzisa i-doped optical fiber njengendlela yokuzuza, enikeza izinzuzo mayelana nokuguquguquka, ikhwalithi ye-beam, nokusebenza kahle. Zithandeka kakhulu ekuzivikeleni ngenxa yokubumbana kwazo, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuphatha kalula ukushisa. Ama-fiber lasers asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezempi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izikhali zamandla aqondiswe ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqokwa okuqondiwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokulwa (Lazov, Teirumnieks, & Ghalot, 2021).

I-Chemical Lasers: Ama-laser amakhemikhali akhiqiza ukukhanya kwe-laser ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Enye yelaser yamakhemikhali eyaziwa kakhulu ekuzivikeleni i-Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), esetshenziswa kumasistimu e-laser asemoyeni ukuvikela imicibisholo. Lawa ma-lasers angafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle kumabanga amade (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

I-Semiconductor Lasers:Aziwa nangokuthi ama-laser diode, lawa ama-laser ahlangene futhi asebenza kahle asetshenziswa kuhlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela kuzitholi zindawo kanye nabaklami abaqondiwe kuye ezilinganisweni eziphikisayo ze-infrared kanye nemithombo yokumpompa kwamanye amasistimu e-laser. Ubukhulu bazo obuncane nokusebenza kahle kwazo kubenza bafanelekele izinhlelo zokuvikela eziphathwayo nezigibele emotweni (Neukum et al., 2022).

I-Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs): Ama-VCSEL akhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser okuqondile kuya phezulu kwewafa eyenziwe futhi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nezici zefomu elihlangene, njengamasistimu okuxhumana nezinzwa zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzivikela (Arafin & Jung, 2019).

I-Blue Lasers:Ubuchwepheshe be-laser eluhlaza buyahlolwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuzivikela ngenxa yezici zabo zokumunca ezithuthukisiwe, ezinganciphisa amandla e-laser adingekayo ekuqondisweni. Lokhu kwenza ama-laser aluhlaza kube abantu abangaba ukhetho lokuvikela i-drone kanye nokuvikela imicibisholo ye-hypersonic, okunikeza ithuba lezinhlelo ezincane nezilula ezinemiphumela esebenzayo (Zediker, 2022).

Ireferensi

U-Ahmed, SM, Mohsin, M., & Ali, SMZ (2020). Inhlolovo nokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-laser kanye nezicelo zayo zokuzivikela. Ubuchwepheshe Bezokuvikela.
Bernatskyi, A., & Sokolovskyi, M. (2022). Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi. Umlando wesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
U-Liu, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, B., Wang, G., Zhou, Q., & Hu, H. (2020). Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu elincanyana elinenkomba ekuhlaselweni kwe-laser nemishini yokuzivikela. Ijenali yeFiziksi: Uchungechunge Lwenkomfa.
U-Zediker, M. (2022). Ubuchwepheshe be-laser eluhlaza bezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzivikela.
U-Arafin, S., & Jung, H. (2019). Inqubekelaphambili yakamuva kuma-VCSEL asuselwa kugesi asuselwa ku-GaSb kumaza wamaza angaphezu kuka-4 μm.
U-Hecht, J. (2019). Ukulandelana kwe "Star Wars"? Ukuheha kwamandla aqondisiwe ezikhali zasemkhathini. I-Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Lazov, L., Teirumnieks, E., & Ghalot, RS (2021). Izicelo Laser Technology in the Army.
Neukum, J., Friedmann, P., Hilzensauer, S., Rapp, D., Kissel, H., Gilly, J., & Kelemen, M. (2022). Amalaser e-multi-watt (AlGaIn)(AsSb) aphakathi kuka-1.9μm no-2.3μm.