Izindaba - Ukubaluleka Kwamasu E-Laser Ezicelweni Zokuzivikela

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Ama-laser aseyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzivikela, enikeza amakhono angenakufaniswa nezikhali zendabuko. Le bhulogi igxila ekubalulekeni kwama-laser ekuzivikeleni, igcizelela ukuguquguquka kwawo, ukunemba, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eyenze yaba yitshe lesisekelo lesu lezempi lanamuhla.

Isingeniso

Ukuqala kobuchwepheshe be-laser kushintshe imikhakha eminingi, okuhlanganisa ezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha, futhi ikakhulukazi, ezokuvikela. Ama-laser, anezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile zokubumbana, i-monochromaticity, kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, avule izilinganiso ezintsha emakhonweni ezempi, enikeza ukunemba, ukufihla, kanye nokuguquguquka okubaluleke kakhulu ezimpini zanamuhla kanye namasu okuzivikela.

Ukunemba Nokunemba

Ama-laser aziwa ngokunemba kwawo nokunemba kwawo. Ikhono lawo lokugxila ezinhlosweni ezincane ezikude kakhulu lenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufana nokuqokwa kwezinjongo kanye nokuqondisa ama-missile. Izinhlelo zokuqondisa nge-laser ezinesinqumo esiphezulu ziqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezibhamu ngendlela enembile, zinciphisa kakhulu umonakalo ohlangene futhi zithuthukise amazinga empumelelo yomsebenzi (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

Ukuguquguquka Kuwo Wonke Amapulatifomu

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwama-laser kuzo zonke izinkundla ezahlukene — kusukela kumadivayisi aphathwayo kuya ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezifakwe ezimotweni — kugcizelela ukuguquguquka kwawo. Ama-laser ahlanganiswe ngempumelelo ezinkundleni zomhlaba, zasemanzini, kanye nasemoyeni, enza imisebenzi eminingi okuhlanganisa ukuhlola, ukuthola izinjongo, kanye nezikhali zamandla eziqondile ngezinjongo zokuhlasela nezokuzivikela. Ubukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nekhono lokulungiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezithile kwenza ama-laser abe inketho eguquguqukayo yemisebenzi yokuzivikela (Bernatskyi & Sokolovskyi, 2022).

Ukuxhumana Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuqapha

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisekelwe ku-laser zinikeza indlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokudlulisa ulwazi, ebalulekile emisebenzini yezempi. Amathuba aphansi okubanjwa nokutholakala kokuxhumana nge-laser aqinisekisa ukushintshaniswa kwedatha okuphephile, kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwamayunithi, okuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngesimo kanye nokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheni nasekuhloleni, enikeza izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu zokuqoqa ubuhlakani ngaphandle kokutholwa (Liu et al., 2020).

Izikhali Zamandla Eziqondisiwe

Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwama-laser ekuzivikeleni yizikhali zamandla eziqondiswe ngqo (ama-DEW). Ama-laser angaletha amandla agxilile esihlokweni ukuze alimaze noma alibhubhise, anikeze amandla okushaya ngokunemba ngomonakalo omncane kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu zokuzivikela kwemicibisholo, ukubhujiswa kwama-drone, kanye nokukhubazeka kwezimoto kubonisa amandla ama-laser okushintsha isimo sempi. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kunezikhali zendabuko, kufaka phakathi isivinini sokulethwa kokukhanya, izindleko eziphansi ngokudubula, kanye nekhono lokuhlasela izinhloso eziningi ngokunemba okuphezulu (Zediker, 2022).

Ezinhlelweni zokuzivikela, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-laser, ngayinye isebenzela izinjongo ezahlukene zokusebenza ngokusekelwe ezimfanelweni zayo ezihlukile kanye namakhono. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ze-laser ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuzivikela:

Izinhlobo Ze-Laser Ezisetshenziswa Ensimini Yokuzivikela

Ama-Laser Esimo Esiqinile (ama-SSL): Lawa ma-laser asebenzisa indlela yokuzuza eqinile, njengengilazi noma izinto zekristalu ezifakwe izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Ama-SSL asetshenziswa kabanzi ezikhalini ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu okukhipha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya. Ayahlolwa futhi asetshenziswa ukuvikela ama-missile, ukubhujiswa kwama-drone, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezikhali zamandla aqondile (Hecht, 2019).

Ama-Fiber Laser: Ama-laser e-fibre asebenzisa i-doped optical fiber njengendlela yokuthola inzuzo, enikeza izinzuzo ngokuya ngokuguquguquka, ikhwalithi ye-beam, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Akhanga kakhulu ekuzivikeleni ngenxa yokuqina kwawo, ukuthembeka, kanye nokulula kokuphathwa kokushisa. Ama-laser e-fibre asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zempi, kufaka phakathi izikhali zamandla eziqondiswe ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqokwa kwezinhloso, kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa (Lazov, Teirumnieks, & Ghalot, 2021).

Ama-Laser Amakhemikhali: Ama-laser amakhemikhali akhiqiza ukukhanya kwe-laser ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Enye yama-laser amakhemikhali aziwa kakhulu ekuzivikeleni yi-Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-laser ezisebenzisa umoya ukuzivikela kuma-missile. Lawa ma-laser angafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu amandla futhi asebenza kahle emabangeni amade (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

Ama-Laser e-Semiconductor:Eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-laser diode, lawa ama-laser amancane futhi asebenzayo asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza kusukela kuma-rangefinders kanye nama-target designators kuya kuma-infrared countermeasures kanye nemithombo yepompo yezinye izinhlelo ze-laser. Ubukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nokusebenza kahle kuwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokuzivikela eziphathwayo nezifakwe emotweni (Neukum et al., 2022).

Ama-Laser Akhipha Ubuso Obuqondile (ama-VCSEL): Ama-VCSEL akhipha ukukhanya kwe-laser ngokuqondile ebusweni be-wafer eyenziwe futhi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kanye nezinto eziqinile, njengezinhlelo zokuxhumana kanye nezinzwa zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzivikela (Arafin & Jung, 2019).

Ama-Laser Aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:Ubuchwepheshe be-laser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka buyahlolwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuzivikela ngenxa yezici zalo zokumunca ezithuthukisiwe, okunganciphisa amandla e-laser adingekayo ethagethini. Lokhu kwenza ama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abe ngabantu abangase babe ngabadlali bokuvikela ama-drone kanye nokuvikela imicibisholo ye-hypersonic, okunikeza ithuba lezinhlelo ezincane nezilula ezinemiphumela ephumelelayo (Zediker, 2022).

Ireferensi

U-Ahmed, SM, Mohsin, M., kanye no-Ali, SMZ (2020). Ucwaningo kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe be-laser kanye nezinhlelo zayo zokuzivikela. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvikela.
UBernatskyi, A., & Sokolovskyi, M. (2022). Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-laser yezempi ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi. Umlando wesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
ULiu, Y., uChen, J., uZhang, B., uWang, G., uZhou, Q., kanye noHu, H. (2020). Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu encane ene-graded-index ekuhlaselweni nge-laser kanye nemishini yokuzivikela. Ijenali yeFiziksi: Uchungechunge lweNkomfa.
UZediker, M. (2022). Ubuchwepheshe be-laser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzivikela.
Arafin, S., & Jung, H. (2019). Intuthuko yakamuva kuma-VCSEL asebenzisa ugesi asekelwe ku-GaSb kuma-wavelength angaphezu kuka-4 μm.
Hecht, J. (2019). Uchungechunge lwe-“Star Wars”? Ukukhanga kwamandla aqondisiwe ezikhali zasemkhathini. I-Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Lazov, L., Teirumnieks, E., & Ghalot, RS (2021). Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-Laser ebuthweni lezempi.
Neum, J., Friedmann, P., Hilzensauer, S., Rapp, D., Kissel, H., Gilly, J., & Kelemen, M. (2022). Ama-laser e-diode e-Multi-watt (AlGaIn) (AsSb) aphakathi kuka-1.9μm no-2.3μm.