Izindaba - Umgomo oyisisekelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-tof (isikhathi se-Flight))

Bhalisela imidiya yethu yezenhlalo yokuthumela okusheshayo

Lolu chungechunge luhlose ukuhlinzeka abafundi ngokuqonda okujulile nokuthuthuka kwesikhathi sohlelo lwendiza (tof). Okuqukethwe kuhlanganisa ukubuka konke okuphelele kwezinhlelo ze-tof, kufaka phakathi izincazelo ezinemininingwane ye-tof engaqondile (iTof) kanye ne-tof eqondile (DTOF). Lezi zingxenye zingena kumapharamitha wesistimu, izinzuzo zazo kanye nobunzima, nama-algorithms ahlukahlukene. Lesi sihloko sibuye sihlole izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo ze-tof, ezinjenge-vertical cavity surfavity ekhipha ama-lasers (ama-vcsels), amalensi wokuhambisa kanye nokwamukela, ukuthola izinzwa ezinjenge-CIS, APD, SPAD, SIPM, kanye nemibuthano yokushayela njenge-Asics.

Isingeniso ToF (isikhathi sendiza)

Izimiso eziyisisekelo

I-TOF, imile isikhathi sokundiza, iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukukala ibanga ngokubala isikhathi esidingayo ukuze likhanye ukuba lihambe ibanga elithile endaweni ephakathi nendawo. Lesi simiso sisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezimweni ze-tof ezibonakalayo futhi ziqonde ngqo. Le nqubo ifaka umthombo okhanyayo okhipha ugongolo lokukhanya, nesikhathi sokukhishwa okurekhodiwe. Lokhu kukhanya bese kukhombisa ilitshe, kuthathwe ngumemukeli, nesikhathi sokwamukela kuphawulwa. Umehluko kulezi zikhathi, okuboniswe njenge-T, kunquma ibanga (D = ijubane lokukhanya (c) × t / 2).

Izinhlobo zezinzwa ze-tof

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinzwa ze-tof: Optical ne-electromagnetic. Izinzwa ze-Optical tof, ezivame kakhulu, zisebenzisa ama-pulses akhanyayo, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingenampilo, ngokulinganisa ibanga. Lawa ma-pulses akhishwa enzwa, abonise into, futhi abuyele enzwa, lapho isikhathi sokuhamba silinganiswa futhi sisetshenziselwa ukubala ibanga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinzwa ze-aclectromagnetic tof sensors zisebenzisa amagagasi e-electromagnetic, njenge-radar noma i-lidar, ukukala ibanga. Basebenza ngomgomo ofanayo kepha basebenzise indlela ehlukile yeisilinganiso sebanga.

Izicelo ze-tof sensors

Izinzwa ze-TOF ziguquguqukayo futhi zihlanganiswe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:

Amarobhothi:Isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwezithiyo nokuzula. Isibonelo, amarobhothi afana negumbi le-ROURBA ne-Boston Dynamics 'atlas aqashe amakhamera wokujula we-tof ukuze akwazi ukukwenza okuzungezile kanye nokuhlela ukunyakaza.

Izinhlelo Zokuphepha:Okuvamile ngezinzwa ezinyakazayo zokuthola ama-FUNDERS, kuvusa ama-alamu, noma kusebenze izinhlelo zekhamera.

Imboni yezimoto:Kufakwe ezinhlelweni zokusiza zokushayela zokulawula okuguquguqukayo kanye nokugwema ukushayisana, ukugqashuka kakhulu kumamodeli wemoto entsha.

Inkambu yezokwelapha: Ukuqashwa ekucabangeni okungahlaseli nokuxilonga, okufana ne-tomography yokuhlangana yokuhlangana (Oct), kukhiqiza izithombe zezicubu eziphezulu.

Ama-elekthronikhi abathengi: Kuhlanganiswe kuma-Smartphones, amaphilisi kanye nama-laptops wezici ezinjengokuqashelwa kobuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, nokuqashelwa kokuthinta.

Drones:Isetshenziselwe ukuzulazula, ukugwema ukushayisana, kanye nasekubhekaneni nobumfihlo kanye nokukhathazeka kwezindiza

I-TOF System Architecture

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-TOF luqukethe izakhi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukufeza isilinganiso sebanga njengoba kuchaziwe:

· I-Transmitter (TX):Lokhu kufaka phakathi umthombo wokukhanya we-laser, ikakhulukazi aVcsel, umjikelezo wesifunda sokushayela ukushayela i-laser, kanye nezinto zokubona kokulawulwa kwe-beam njengamalensi aqolayo noma izinto ezihlukile ezibonakalayo, nezihlungi.
· Otholayo (Rx):Lokhu kuqukethe ama-lens kanye nokuhlunga endaweni etholayo, izinzwa ezifana ne-CIS, SPAD, noma i-SIPM ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-TOF, kanye ne-processor yesiginali yesithombe (ISP) yokucubungula amanani amakhulu we-Chip atholayo.
·Ukuphathwa kwamandla:Ukuphatha ezinzileUkulawulwa kwamanje kwama-vcsels kanye namandla kagesi aphezulu we-spads kubalulekile, kudinga ukuphathwa kwamandla okuqinile.
· Isendlalelo sesoftware:Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-firmware, i-SDK, i-OS, nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza.

I-Architecture ikhombisa ukuthi ugongolo lwe-laser, ovela ku-vcsel futhi eguqulwe yizakhi ze-optical, uhamba ngesikhala, ukhombisa into, bese ubuyela kwalowo owemukelayo. Ukubala okuphelelwe yisikhathi kule nqubo kuveza ibanga noma imininingwane ejulile. Kodwa-ke, lo mbuso awufaki izindlela zomsindo, njengomsindo odonswe yilanga noma umsindo onemifanekiso eminingi kusuka ekubonisweni, okuxoxwe ngakho kamuva ochungechungeni.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo ze-tof

Amasu we-TOF ahlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngamasu okulinganisa amabanga abo: I-Direct tof (DTOF) ne-Tof tof (iTof), ngalinye linezindlela ezihlukanisayo kanye nezindlela ze-algorithmic. Uchungechunge ekuqaleni luchaza izimiso zabo ngaphambi kokuhlelwa ekuhlaziyweni kokuqhathanisa kwezinzuzo zabo, izinselelo namapharamitha wohlelo.

Naphezu kwesibalo esibonakala silula se-tof - sikhipha ishayela elikhanyayo futhi sithole ukubuyela kwaso ukubala ibanga - ubunzima bulele ekumeni isibani esibuyayo kusuka ekukhanyiseni okukhona. Lokhu kubhekwana kukhipha ukukhanya okwenziwe ngokwanele ukufezekisa isilinganiso esiphezulu se-Signal-to-umsindo kanye nokukhetha ama-wavelength afanele ukunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kokukhanya kwemvelo. Enye indlela ukukala ukukhanya okukhishwe ukuze kwenze kube lula ukubuyisa, okufanayo nezimpawu ze-SOS ngethoshi.

Uchungechunge luqhubeka nokuqhathanisa i-DTOF ne-ITOF, ukuxoxa ngokwahlukana kwalo, izinzuzo, nezinselelo ngokuningiliziwe, futhi kuphinde kwahlukanise ngezinhlelo ze-tof ezisuselwa kubulukhuni bolwazi abalunikezayo.

dtof

I-Direct tof ilinganisa ngokuqondile isikhathi sendiza sikaPhoton. Ingxenye yayo esemqoka, i-Photon Vopton Avalanche Diode (Sgad), iyazwela ngokwanele ukuthola ama-photons angashadile. I-DTOF isebenzisa isikhathi sokubalwa kwesithombe esisodwa (i-TCSPC) ukukala isikhathi sokufika kwe-Photon, kwakha i-histogram ukuze kunikele ibanga okungenzeka kakhulu ngokususelwa ekuvalekeni kwesikhathi esithile.

itf

I-Icrerolct tof ibala isikhathi sendiza ngokususelwa kumehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-waveforms akhishwe futhi atholakele, ejwayele ukusebenzisa ama-wave aqhubekayo noma ama-pulse monaturels. I-ITOF ingasebenzisa izakhiwo zezakhiwo ezijwayelekile, ukukala ubukhulu bokukhanya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-ITOF ihlukaniswe futhi ibe yimodyuli eqhubekayo yegagasi (CW-ITOF) kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-Pulse (pulsated-iTof). I-CW-ITOF ilinganisa ukuhamba kwesigaba phakathi kokukhishwa futhi kutholwe amaza seSinousoidal, ngenkathi i-pulsated-ithof ibala ukushintshwa kwesigaba kusetshenziswa amasiginali we-square wave.

Ukufundwa okuthethekile:

Wikipedia. (ND). Isikhathi sokundiza. Kubuyiselwe kusukahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/time_Of_Flight
Iqembu le-Sony semiconductor Solutions Group. (ND). Tof (isikhathi sendiza) | Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bezizwe zezithombe. Kubuyiselwe kusukahttps://www.sony-seeminen.com/en/technologies/tof
I-Microsoft. (2021, ngoFebhuwari 4). I-Intro to Microsoft Time of Flight (tof) - Ipulatifomu yokujula kwe-Azure. Kubuyiselwe kusukahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/inro-to-microsoft-The-of-flight-of
I-ESCREC. (2023, Mashi 2). Isikhathi se-Flight (tof) izinzwa: Ukubuka konke okujulile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kubuyiselwe kusukahttps://www.escatec.com/news/teme-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-supth-overValueVeight-AndIcations

Kusuka ekhasini le-Webhttps://faster-than-ght.net/tofsystem_c1/

nguMlobi: Chao Guang

Ukuzikhulula:

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