Bhalisela Imidiya Yethu Yezokuxhumana Ukuze Uthumele Ngokushesha
Empeleni, ukupompa nge-laser kuwuhlelo lokunika amandla i-medium ukuze kuzuzwe isimo lapho kungakhipha khona ukukhanya kwe-laser. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokujova ukukhanya noma amandla kagesi phakathi nendawo, okujabulisa ama-athomu akhona futhi kuholele ekukhishweni kokukhanya okuhambisanayo. Le nqubo eyisisekelo iguquke kakhulu kusukela ekusungulweni kwama-lasers okuqala maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Nakuba kuvame ukumodela ngezibalo zesilinganiso, ukupompa nge-laser ngokuyisisekelo kuyinqubo ye-quantum mechanical. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwama-photon kanye nesakhiwo se-athomu noma se-molecular of the gain medium. Amamodeli athuthukile acabangela izenzakalo ezifana nokuzulazula kwe-Rabi, okunikeza ukuqonda okunencanyana kwalokhu kusebenzisana.
Ukupompa nge-laser kuyinqubo lapho amandla, ngokuvamile asesimweni sokukhanya noma amandla kagesi, anikezwa ku-laser's gain medium ukuphakamisa ama-athomu noma ama-molecule ayo ezifundeni zamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kudluliswa kwamandla kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguquguquka kwenani labantu, isimo lapho izinhlayiya eziningi zijabule kunesimo samandla aphansi, okuvumela okuphakathi nendawo ukuthi kukhulise ukukhanya ngokukhipha okukhuthazwayo. Inqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisana kwe-quantum okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuvamise ukumodela ngezibalo zesilinganiso noma izinhlaka ezithuthuke kakhulu zemishini ye-quantum. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka ukukhethwa komthombo wepompo (njengama-laser diode noma amalambu akhiphayo), i-geometry yepompo (ukumpompa eceleni noma ekugcineni), kanye nokwenza kahle kwezimpawu zokukhanya kwepompo (i-spectrum, ukuqina, ikhwalithi ye-beam, i-polarization) ukuze ifane nezidingo ezithile zuza medium. Ukupompa nge-laser kubalulekile ezinhlotsheni ze-laser ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-solid-state, i-semiconductor, namalaser egesi, futhi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nangempumelelo kwe-laser.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Optically Pumped Lasers
1. I-Solid-State Lasers ene-Doped Insulators
· Uhlolojikelele:Lawa ma-laser asebenzisa i-host medium insulating kagesi futhi ancike ekumpompeni okubonakalayo ukuze anike amandla ama-ion asebenza nge-laser. Isibonelo esivamile i-neodymium kumalaser e-YAG.
·Ucwaningo lwakamuva:Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngu-A. Antipov et al. ixoxa ngelaser yesimo esiqinile eduze ne-IR yokumpompa i-spin-exchange optical. Lolu cwaningo lugqamisa intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-laser yesimo esiqinile, ikakhulukazi ku-spectrum eseduze ne-infrared, ebaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo ezifana ne-imaging yezokwelapha kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo.
Ukufunda okwengeziwe:I-Solid-State Near-IR Laser ye-Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. I-Semiconductor Lasers
·Ulwazi Olujwayelekile: Ngokuvamile ama-laser ampontshwa ngogesi, ama-semiconductor angazuza futhi ekumpompeni okubonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukukhanya okuphezulu, njengama-Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Intuthuko Yakamuva: Umsebenzi ka-U. Keller kuma-optical combs avela kuma-ultrafast solid-state kanye nama-semiconductor lasers unikeza imininingwane ekukhiqizeni ama-frequency Combs azinzile asuka kuma-diode-pumped solid-state kanye namalaser we-semiconductor. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-optical frequency metrology.
Ukufunda okwengeziwe:Ama-Optical frequency kamas avela kuma-ultrafast solid-state kanye nama-lasemiconductor lasers
3. Igesi Lasers
·I-Optical Pumping ku-Gas Lasers: Izinhlobo ezithile zamalaser egesi, njengamalaser omhwamuko we-alkali, zisebenzisa ukumpompa okubonakalayo. Lawa ma-laser avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga imithombo yokukhanya ehambisanayo enezici ezithile.
Imithombo ye-Optical Pumping
Amalambu Okukhipha: Okuvamile kuma-lasers ampontshwa isibani, izibani zokukhishwa zisetshenziselwa amandla awo aphezulu kanye nobubanzi obubanzi. YA Mandryko et al. ithuthukise imodeli yamandla ye-impulse arc discharge generation in a active media optical pumping xenon lights of solid-state lasers. Le modeli isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezibani zokumpompa umfutho, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-laser.
Ama-Laser Diodes:Asetshenziswa kuma-laser ampompa ama-diode, ama-laser diode anikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, usayizi ohlangene, kanye nekhono lokushunwa kahle.
Ukufunda okwengeziwe:yini i-laser diode?
Ama-Flash Lamps: Izibani ezikhanyayo ziyimithombo yokukhanya enamandla, ebanzi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukumpompa amalaser esimo esiqinile, njengamalaser erubi noma e-Nd:YAG. Banikeza ukukhanya okunamandla aphezulu okujabulisa i-laser medium.
Amalambu e-Arc: Ngokufana nezibani ezikhanyayo kodwa eziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, izibani ze-arc zinikeza umthombo ozinzile wokukhanya okukhulu. Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukusebenza kwe-laser ye-continuous wave (CW) kuyadingeka.
Ama-LED (Ama-Light Emitting Diodes): Nakuba engavamile njengama-laser diode, ama-LED angasetshenziselwa ukupompa i-optical kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphansi. Zinenzuzo ngenxa yempilo yazo ende, izindleko eziphansi, nokutholakala ngamaza ahlukahlukene.
Ukukhanya kwelanga: Kwezinye izinhlelo zokuhlola, ukukhanya kwelanga okugxilile kusetshenziswe njengomthombo wephampu wama-laser ampontshwa yilanga. Le ndlela ihlanganisa amandla elanga, iyenze ibe umthombo ovuselelekayo futhi ongabizi kakhulu, nakuba ingalawuleki futhi inamandla amancane uma iqhathaniswa nemithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa.
I-Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes: Lawa ama-laser diode ahlanganiswe nama-optical fibers, aletha ukukhanya kwepompo ngokuphumelelayo endaweni ye-laser. Le ndlela iwusizo ikakhulukazi kuma-laser we-fiber nasezimeni lapho ukulethwa okunembile kokukhanya kwepompo kubalulekile.
Amanye ama-Lasers: Ngezinye izikhathi, i-laser eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukumpompa enye. Isibonelo, i-frequency-double-double Nd: LAG laser ingase isetshenziselwe ukupompa ilaser yokudaya. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka ubude begagasi obuthile ngenqubo yokumpompa engafinyelelwa kalula ngemithombo yokukhanya evamile.
I-Diode-pumped solid-state laser
Umthombo Wamandla Wokuqala: Inqubo iqala nge-laser diode, esebenza njengomthombo wepompo. Amalaser e-Diode akhethwa ngokusebenza kahle kwawo, usayizi ohlangene, kanye nekhono lokukhipha ukukhanya ngamaza athile.
Ukukhanya Kwephampu:I-laser diode ikhipha ukukhanya okumuncwa i-solid-state gain medium. Ubude begagasi be-laser ye-diode buklanywe ukuze bufane nezici zokumunca ze-revenue medium.
I-Solid-StateThola Okumaphakathi
Okubalulekile:Inzuzo emaphakathi kumalaser e-DPSS imvamisa iyisimo esiqinile njenge-Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), noma i-Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
I-Doping:Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zifakwe ama-ion angajwayelekile emhlabeni (njenge-Nd noma i-Yb), okuyi-laser ion esebenzayo.
Ukumuncwa Amandla kanye Nenjabulo:Lapho ukukhanya kwepompo okuvela ku-laser ye-diode kungena endaweni yokuthola amandla, ama-ion asemhlabeni angajwayelekile amunca la mandla futhi ajabule aye ezifundeni zamandla aphezulu.
Ukuguqulwa Kwabantu
Ukuzuza Ukuguqulwa Kwabantu:Ukhiye wesenzo se-laser ukuzuza ukuguquguquka kwesibalo sabantu endaweni yokuzuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-ion amaningi asesimweni senjabulo kunasesimeni esiphansi.
Ukukhishwa Okuthuthukisiwe:Uma ukuguqulwa kwenani labantu sekufinyelelwe, ukwethulwa kwe-photon ehambisana nomehluko wamandla phakathi kwezifunda ezijabulile neziphansi kungashukumisa ama-ion ajabulile ukuthi abuyele esimweni esiphansi, kukhiphe i-photon kunqubo.
I-Optical Resonator
Izibuko: Indawo yokuthola ifakwa ngaphakathi kwe-optical resonator, ngokuvamile eyakhiwe izibuko ezimbili ekugcineni ngakunye kwendawo.
Impendulo Nokukhulisa: Esinye sezibuko sibonakalisa kakhulu, kanti esinye sibonakalisa kancane. Amafoto abhampa aye emuva naphambili phakathi kwalezi zibuko, akhuthaze ukukhishwa okwengeziwe futhi akhulise ukukhanya.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Laser
Ukukhanya Okubumbene: Amaphothoni akhishwayo ahlangene, okusho ukuthi asesigabeni futhi anobude obufanayo begagasi.
Okukhiphayo: Isibuko esibonakalisa kancane sivumela okunye kwalokhu kukhanya ukuthi kudlule, sakhe i-laser beam ephuma ku-laser ye-DPSS.
Ukupompa Amajiyometri: Uhlangothi vs. Ukuqeda Ukumpompa
| Indlela Yokumpompa | Incazelo | Izinhlelo zokusebenza | Izinzuzo | Izinselele |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Side Pumping | Iphampu ukukhanya kwethulwe perpendicular kuya laser medium | Izintambo noma i-fiber lasers | Ukusabalalisa okulinganayo kokukhanya kwepompo, kulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu | Ukusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo okungewona umfaniswano, ikhwalithi ye-beam ephansi |
| Qeda Ukupompa | Ukukhanya kwephampu kuqondiswe ku-eksisi efanayo ne-laser beam | Amalaser wesimo esiqinile njenge-Nd:YAG | Ukusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo efanayo, ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-beam | Ukuqondanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuchithwa kokushisa okungasebenzi kahle kumalaser anamandla amakhulu |
Izidingo Zokukhanya Kwephampu Okusebenzayo
| Imfuneko | Ukubaluleka | Umthelela/Ibhalansi | Amanothi Engeziwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spectrum Ukufaneleka | Ubude begagasi kufanele bufane ne-spectrum yokumunca ye-laser medium | Iqinisekisa ukumuncwa okusebenzayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwabantu okusebenzayo | - |
| Ukuqina | Kufanele ibe phezulu ngokwanele ezingeni elifiswayo lokuvusa amadlingozi | Ukuqina okuphezulu ngokweqile kungabangela ukulimala kokushisa; okuphansi kakhulu ngeke kuzuze ukuguquguquka kwabantu | - |
| Ikhwalithi ye-Beam | Okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-laser ampontshwa ekugcineni | Iqinisekisa ukuhlangana okusebenzayo futhi inikele kwikhwalithi ye-laser ekhishwayo | Ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-beam ibalulekile ekugqineni okunembile kokukhanya kwepompo kanye nevolumu yemodi ye-laser |
| I-polarization | Iyadingeka kumidiya enezici ze-anisotropic | Ithuthukisa ukumuncwa kahle futhi ingathinta i-laser light polarization | Isimo esikhethekile se-polarization singadingeka |
| Umsindo Onamandla | Amazinga aphansi omsindo abalulekile | Ukushintshashintsha kokuqina kokukhanya kwepompo kungathinta ikhwalithi yokuphuma kwe-laser nokuzinza | Ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuzinza okuphezulu nokunemba |
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-01-2023